Quantitative and Statistical Methods For Management

Mean Median Mode: Single and Grouping Data

2011-12-08T02:00:00.000-08:00

Topics: Mean Median Mode: Single and Grouping Data

Course: Descriptive Statistics

Type of File: Powerpoint

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Distribution Frequency and Histogram

2011-12-06T15:27:00.000-08:00

Course: Descriptive Statistics

Topics: Distribution Frequency and Histogram

Type of File: Powerpoint

Supported Language: Bahasa Indonesia

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Forecasting - Trend Analysis, Seasonal and Causality

2011-11-25T20:52:00.000-08:00

Course: Operation Management

Title: Forecasting - Trend Analysis, Seasonal and Causality

Author: Budi Setiawan

Type of File: Powerpoint

Available in Bahasa Indonesia

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Descriptive Statistics - Introduction and Data

2011-11-25T20:36:00.000-08:00

Course: Descriptive Statistics

Title: Introduction (Chapter One) and Data (Chapter Two)

Author: Budi Setiawan

Type of File: Powerpoint

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Marketing Management - Chapter 3

2011-11-08T16:24:00.000-08:00

Title : Marketing Management - Chapter 3

Author : Kotler & Amstrong

Language : Bahasa Indonesia

Type of File : Powerpoint

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Marketing Management - Chapter 2

2011-11-08T16:16:00.000-08:00

Title : Marketing Management - Chapter 2
Author : Kotler & Amstrong
Language : Bahasa Indonesia
Type of File : Powerpoint

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Thinks to change

2011-10-30T23:01:00.000-07:00

Title: Thinks to change
Language: Bahasa Indonesia
Object: Entrepreneurship
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To be entrepreneurs

2011-10-30T22:50:00.000-07:00

Title: To be entrepreneurs
Language: Bahasa Indonesia
Object: Entrepreneurship
Type of file: Powerpoint, converted to Pdf
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Skewness and Kurtosis

2011-10-27T06:04:00.000-07:00

Subject: Descriptive Statistics

Topics: Skewness and Kurtosis

Author: Budi Setiawan

Descriptive Statistics, skewness and kurtosis topics, single data. Click here

Descriptive Statistics, skewness and kurtosis topics, grouping data. Click here

Descriptive Statistics' Handout (Session 7 & 8)

2011-10-20T02:41:00.000-07:00

Descriptive Statistics' Handout (Session 7 & 8)

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Launching "Jasa-Olahdata"

2011-10-08T02:23:00.000-07:00

boeditea, proudly present...

Jasa-Olahdata's personal blog

Jasa-Olahdata is one of the best solution ever, to solve the problems around research activities that recently faced by so many people (students or personal), like:

Data Entry
Questioner assignment
Questioner's validity and reliability
Data analyzes
etc

Jasa-Olahdata is using some of magnificent statistics tools, like:

SPSS
Minitab
SmartPLS
Lisrel
Excel
etc

Descriptive Statistics's Handout (Session 6)

2011-10-06T20:54:00.000-07:00

Descriptive statistics handout (session 6)

Created by: Budi Setiawan

(Professional Lecturer and Personal Research Consultant)

If you need help to analyze your data, feel free to contact me on: 0852-88-464-227

I will helps you analyze your data perfectly with some famous statistics tools that you can choose, according your research model. The tools are: SPSS, Minitab, SmartPLS, Lisrel, Amos, etc..

I present you my newest handout about descriptive statistics and it's free of charge. Kindly please click here to download the file.

If you want to make some donation or support, you are welcome to click and read some of advertisement that available in this blog. Thanks..

Descriptive Statistics's Handout (Session 5)

2011-10-05T19:47:00.000-07:00

Descriptive statistics handout (session 5)

Resumed and presented by: Budi Setiawan

(Professional lecturer & Personal Research Consultant)

Available in Bahasa Indonesia

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Need helps to analyze data?
Contact me on 0852-88-464-227

Linear Programming - Simplex Method Handout

2011-10-01T18:32:00.000-07:00

Linear Programming - Simplex Method
Part of Operation Research's Handout

Presented by: Budi Setiawan

Available in Bahasa Indonesia

Click here to download linear programming-simplex Method

Forecasting-Exponential Smoothing Handout

2011-10-01T18:10:00.000-07:00

Exponential Smoothing

Form of weighted moving average

Weights decline exponentially
Most recent data weighted most

Requires smoothing constant

Ranges from 0 to 1
Subjectively chosen

Involves little record keeping of past data

DOWNLOAD Forecasting: Exponential Smoothing Handout (Available in Bahasa Indonesia)

Descriptive Statistics's Handout (Session 3 & 4)

2011-09-30T06:13:00.000-07:00

Descriptive Statistics's Handout (Session 3 & 4)

Available in Bahasa Indonesia

Created and presented by: Budi Setiawan (Research Consultant and Professional Lecturer on Management Science)

Slides Overview:

Mean
Median
Mode
Steam and Leaf
Box Plot

To download the slide, kindly please click the link below:

Descriptive Statistics's handout (session 3 & 4), Click here

Thanks, may be useful

Production & Operation Management

2011-08-25T17:09:00.000-07:00

Production and Operation Management handouts

Created by: Budi Setiawan

Graduate/Master Student of Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) majoring in Management Science

Available in Bahasa Indonesia

Preface:
It's very easy to download it, what you have to do is just click the available link. If you have any question or comments, you can posting your question or your answer in this blog. I realize that the production and operation management handouts I've created could be containing a lot of mistakes, so your construct and positive opinion are welcome...
Thank You...

Introduction to Statistics for Management

2011-07-01T01:45:00.000-07:00

Why Should You Take This Course and Who Uses Statistics Anyhow?
Richard L. Levin and David S. Rubin said, every 4 years, American suffer through an affliction known as the presidential election. Moths before the election, television, radio and newspaper broadcast inform us that "a poll conducted by XYZ Opinion Research shows that the Democratic (or Republican) candidate has the support of 54 percent of voters with a margin of error of plus or minus 3%." What does this statement mean? What is meant by the term margin of error? Who has actually done the polling? How many people did they interview and how many should they have interviewed to make this assertion? Can we rely on the truth of what many should they reported

Introduction to e-survey method

2011-06-14T07:22:00.000-07:00

As a preparation steps to face my thesis research In Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB (IPB Graduate School), I try to compile the survey questions using information and technology/internet (I named it as Introduction to e-survey method. I asking for your help and participation, to answer the whole question I arrange it below. Thank you for your participation
Note: this is not a real questioner, it's just an exercise questioner, whether using e-survey can be feasible for students research?

Click here to take survey

Inference Statistics

2011-04-05T20:40:00.000-07:00

Inference Statistics slides

Introduction to Research Methods

2011-04-04T03:07:00.000-07:00

This slide was presented on the short courses "Research Methods". So, to maximize your understanding about the topics, what you have to do is implementing "Student Center Learning" method, you have to read from a various reference which is relevant to the topic. This slide is just gives you a simple tutorial. Event this slide is so simple, but I have expectation that this slide will guides you quite well on studying "Research Methods".

Probability and Non Probability Sampling-Error Sampling

2011-03-29T05:59:00.000-07:00

Probability and Non Probability Sampling-Error Sampling
The topics of our discussion today are to continue the last week topics that were about probability and non-probability sampling. Today, the topics are not only about probability and non-probability sampling that we will discuss it together, but I also will makes some discussing to you about the topic of sampling error. As before, you can view, print and download the slides that I show on this blog.

Streaming Simple Random Sampling and Stratified Random Sampling

2011-03-22T19:28:00.000-07:00

Live streaming simple random sampling and stratified random sampling.

To helps my students and all of the viewer of this blog understanding about the topics simple random sampling and stratified random sampling, I have been upload it my presentation slide in this blog. So, you can easily watch the live streaming of the course topics or maybe you want to print and download the document...

Note: if there is a problem with the file (streaming), please refresh your browser

The History of Statistics

2011-02-09T00:53:00.000-08:00

Origin of The Word
The word statistik comes from Italian word statista (meaning "statesman). It was first used by Gottfried Achenwall (1719-1772), a professor at Marlborough and Gottingen. Dr. E. A. W. Zimmerman introduced the word statistics into England. Its use was popularized by Sir John Sinclair in his work Statistical Account of Scotland 1791-1799. Long before the eighteenth century, people had been recording and using data.

Early Government Records
Official government statistics are as old as recorded history. The Old Testament contain several accounts of census taking. Governments of ancient Babylonia, Egypt, and Rome gathered detailed records of populations and resources. In the Middle Ages, governments began to register the ownership of land. In A.D. 762, Charlemagne asked for detailed descriptions of church-owned properties. Early in the ninth century, he completed a statistical enumeration of the serfs attached to the land. About 1086. William the Conqueror ordered the writing of Domesday Book, a record of the ownership, extent and value of the lands of England. This work was England's first statistical abstract.

An early prediction from statistics
Because of Henry VII's fear of the plague, England began to register its dead in 1532. About this same time, French law required the clergy to register baptisms, deaths and marriages. During an outbreak of the plague in the late 1500s, the English government started publishing weekly death statistics. This practice continued, and by 1632, these Bills of Mortality listed births and death by sex. In 1662, Captain John Graunt used 30 years of these Bills to make predictions about the number of people who would die from various diseases and the proportions of male and female births that could be expected. Summarized in his work Natural and Political Observations... Made Upon the Bills of Mortality, Graunt's study was a pioneer effort in statistical analysis. For his achievement in using past records to predict future events, Graunt was made a member of the original Royal Society.
The history of the .... (to be continued) :)

Simple Linear Correlation (Pearson r)

2011-01-27T22:43:00.000-08:00

In the previous chapter, we have discuss about the meaning of Correlation (What is correlation?). Now we will further discuss about Simple Linear Correlation (in Bahasa it means Korelasi Linear Sederhana), known as Pearson r, because it was found by Carl Pearson, thus named Pearson Correlation. I post and publish this article to my blog, as a content of quantitative and statistical methods for management and distance learning business and management.

This article I quoted from statsoft... for further information you could visit their site, or maybe you have to is just take a sit, relax and try to understand about the topics...

Simple Linear Correlation (Pearson r). Pearson correlation (hereafter called correlation), assumes that the two variables are measured on at least interval scales (see Elementary Concepts), and it determines the extent to which values of the two variables are "proportional" to each other. The value of correlation (i.e., correlation coefficient) does not depend on the specific measurement units used; for example, the correlation between height and weight will be identical regardless of whether inches and pounds, or centimeters and kilograms are used as measurement units. Proportional means linearly related; that is, the correlation is high if it can be "summarized" by a straight line (sloped upwards or downwards).

Look at the picture below:

This line is called the regression line or least squares line, because it is determined such that the sum of the squared distances of all the data points from the line is the lowest possible. Note that the concept of squared distances will have important functional consequences on how the value of the correlation coefficient reacts to various specific arrangements of data (as we will later see).

How to Interpret the Values of Correlations. As mentioned before, the correlation coefficient (r) represents the linear relationship between two variables. If the correlation coefficient is squared, then the resulting value (r2, the coefficient of determination) will represent the proportion of common variation in the two variables (i.e., the "strength" or "magnitude" of the relationship). In order to evaluate the correlation between variables, it is important to know this "magnitude" or "strength" as well as the significance of the correlation.

Significance of Correlations. The significance level calculated for each correlation is a primary source of information about the reliability of the correlation. As explained before (see Elementary Concepts), the significance of a correlation coefficient of a particular magnitude will change depending on the size of the sample from which it was computed. The test of significance is based on the assumption that the distribution of the residual values (i.e., the deviations from the regression line) for the dependent variable y follows the normal distribution, and that the variability of the residual values is the same for all values of the independent variable x. However, Monte Carlo studies suggest that meeting those assumptions closely is not absolutely crucial if your sample size is not very small and when the departure from normality is not very large. It is impossible to formulate precise recommendations based on those Monte- Carlo results, but many researchers follow a rule of thumb that if your sample size is 50 or more then serious biases are unlikely, and if your sample size is over 100 then you should not be concerned at all with the normality assumptions. There are, however, much more common and serious threats to the validity of information that a correlation coefficient can provide; they are briefly discussed in the following paragraphs.

Okay my friends, I think enough for this time and I will continue it next time. Hopefully it can help you easily understand about simple linear correlation (Korelasi Linear Sederhana)... This is just a little notes about quantitative and statistical methods for management and distance learning business and management

What is Correlation?

2011-01-25T01:57:00.000-08:00

What is Correlation? Can you answer my question? Okay, lets discuss it one part of topic on our Distance Learning and Business Management learning and sharing. quantitative and statistical methods for management

Correlation is a measure of the relation between two or more variables. The measurement scales used should be at least interval scales, but other correlation coefficients are available to handle other types of data. Correlation coefficients can range from -1.00 to +1.00. The value of -1.00 represents a perfect negative correlation while a value of +1.00 represents a perfect positive correlation. A value of 0.00 represents a lack of correlation.

The most widely-used type of correlation coefficient is Pearson r, also called linear or product- moment correlation. This article was taken from statsoft.

Statistics Handout

2011-01-24T00:31:00.001-08:00

Shape of the Distribution, Normality

2011-01-23T20:58:00.000-08:00

This article was taken from statsoft. I share it to you for distance learning business and management, so we could together learn and know it about Shape of the Distribution, Normality. You can find this subject on Descriptive Statistics.
Shape of the Distribution, Normality. An important aspect of the "description" of a variable is the shape of its distribution, which tells you the frequency of values from different ranges of the variable. Typically, a researcher is interested in how well the distribution can be approximated by the normal distribution (see the animation below for an example of this distribution) (see also Elementary Concepts). Simple descriptive statistics can provide some information relevant to this issue. For example, if the skewness (which measures the deviation of the distribution from symmetry) is clearly different from 0, then that distribution is asymmetrical, while normal distributions are perfectly symmetrical. If the kurtosis (which measures "peakedness" of the distribution) is clearly different from 0, then the distribution is either flatter or more peaked than normal; the kurtosis of the normal distribution is 0.
More precise information can be obtained by performing one of the tests of normality to determine the probability that the sample came from a normally distributed population of observations (e.g., the so-called Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, or the Shapiro-Wilks' W test. However, none of these tests can entirely substitute for a visual examination of the data using a histogram (i.e., a graph that shows the frequency distribution of a variable).

"True" Mean and Confidence Interval

2011-01-23T20:52:00.000-08:00

This article was taken from statsoft. I share it to you for distance learning business and management, so we could together learn and know it about True Mean and Confidence Interval. You can find this subject on Descriptive Statistics.
"True" Mean and Confidence Interval. Probably the most often used descriptive statistic is the mean. The mean is a particularly informative measure of the "central tendency" of the variable if it is reported along with its confidence intervals. As mentioned earlier, usually we are interested in statistics (such as the mean) from our sample only to the extent to which they can infer information about the population. The confidence intervals for the mean give us a range of values around the mean where we expect the "true" (population) mean is located (with a given level of certainty, see also Elementary Concepts). For example, if the mean in your sample is 23, and the lower and upper limits of the p=.05 confidence interval are 19 and 27 respectively, then you can conclude that there is a 95% probability that the population mean is greater than 19 and lower than 27. If you set the p-level to a smaller value, then the interval would become wider thereby increasing the "certainty" of the estimate, and vice versa; as we all know from the weather forecast, the more "vague" the prediction (i.e., wider the confidence interval), the more likely it will materialize. Note that the width of the confidence interval depends on the sample size and on the variation of data values. The larger the sample size, the more reliable its mean. The larger the variation, the less reliable the mean (see also Elementary Concepts). The calculation of confidence intervals is based on the assumption that the variable is normally distributed in the population. The estimate may not be valid if this assumption is not met, unless the sample size is large, say n=100 or more.

Discriminant Function Analysis

2011-01-22T02:43:00.000-08:00

My article right now is about Discriminant Analysis. I quote it from the website, conclude and posting it to my blog. Hopefully it can be useful for all of us that studying statistics. Distance Learning Business and Management

General Purpose

Discriminant function analysis is used to determine which variables discriminate between two or more naturally occurring groups. For example, an educational researcher may want to investigate which variables discriminate between high school graduates who decide (1) to go to college, (2) to attend a trade or professional school, or (3) to seek no further training or education. For that purpose the researcher could collect data on numerous variables prior to students' graduation. After graduation, most students will naturally fall into one of the three categories. Discriminant Analysis could then be used to determine which variable(s) are the best predictors of students' subsequent educational choice.

A medical researcher may record different variables relating to patients' backgrounds in order to learn which variables best predict whether a patient is likely to recover completely (group 1), partially (group 2), or not at all (group 3). A biologist could record different characteristics of similar types (groups) of flowers, and then perform a discriminant function analysis to determine the set of characteristics that allows for the best discrimination between the types.

Computational Approach

Computationally, discriminant function analysis is very similar to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Let us consider a simple example. Suppose we measure height in a random sample of 50 males and 50 females. Females are, on the average, not as tall as males, and this difference will be reflected in the difference in means (for the variable Height). Therefore, variable height allows us to discriminate between males and females with a better than chance probability: if a person is tall, then he is likely to be a male, if a person is short, then she is likely to be a female.

We can generalize this reasoning to groups and variables that are less "trivial." For example, suppose we have two groups of high school graduates: Those who choose to attend college after graduation and those who do not. We could have measured students' stated intention to continue on to college one year prior to graduation. If the means for the two groups (those who actually went to college and those who did not) are different, then we can say that intention to attend college as stated one year prior to graduation allows us to discriminate between those who are and are not college bound (and this information may be used by career counselors to provide the appropriate guidance to the respective students).

To summarize the discussion so far, the basic idea underlying discriminant function analysis is to determine whether groups differ with regard to the mean of a variable, and then to use that variable to predict group membership (e.g., of new cases).

Analysis of Variance. Stated in this manner, the discriminant function problem can be rephrased as a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) problem. Specifically, one can ask whether or not two or more groups are significantly different from each other with respect to the mean of a particular variable. To learn more about how one can test for the statistical significance of differences between means in different groups you may want to read the Overview section to ANOVA/MANOVA. However, it should be clear that, if the means for a variable are significantly different in different groups, then we can say that this variable discriminates between the groups.

In the case of a single variable, the final significance test of whether or not a variable discriminates between groups is the F test. As described in Elementary Concepts and ANOVA /MANOVA, F is essentially computed as the ratio of the between-groups variance in the data over the pooled (average) within-group variance. If the between-group variance is significantly larger then there must be significant differences between means.

Multiple Variables. Usually, one includes several variables in a study in order to see which one(s) contribute to the discrimination between groups. In that case, we have a matrix of total variances and covariances; likewise, we have a matrix of pooled within-group variances and covariances. We can compare those two matrices via multivariate F tests in order to determined whether or not there are any significant differences (with regard to all variables) between groups. This procedure is identical to multivariate analysis of variance or MANOVA. As in MANOVA, one could first perform the multivariate test, and, if statistically significant, proceed to see which of the variables have significantly different means across the groups. Thus, even though the computations with multiple variables are more complex, the principal reasoning still applies, namely, that we are looking for variables that discriminate between groups, as evident in observed mean differences.

Stepwise Discriminant Analysis

Probably the most common application of discriminant function analysis is to include many measures in the study, in order to determine the ones that discriminate between groups. For example, an educational researcher interested in predicting high school graduates' choices for further education would probably include as many measures of personality, achievement motivation, academic performance, etc. as possible in order to learn which one(s) offer the best prediction.

Model. Put another way, we want to build a "model" of how we can best predict to which group a case belongs. In the following discussion we will use the term "in the model" in order to refer to variables that are included in the prediction of group membership, and we will refer to variables as being "not in the model" if they are not included.

Forward stepwise analysis. In stepwise discriminant function analysis, a model of discrimination is built step-by-step. Specifically, at each step all variables are reviewed and evaluated to determine which one will contribute most to the discrimination between groups. That variable will then be included in the model, and the process starts again.

Backward stepwise analysis. One can also step backwards; in that case all variables are included in the model and then, at each step, the variable that contributes least to the prediction of group membership is eliminated. Thus, as the result of a successful discriminant function analysis, one would only keep the "important" variables in the model, that is, those variables that contribute the most to the discrimination between groups.

F to enter, F to remove. The stepwise procedure is "guided" by the respective F to enter and F to remove values. The F value for a variable indicates its statistical significance in the discrimination between groups, that is, it is a measure of the extent to which a variable makes a unique contribution to the prediction of group membership. If you are familiar with stepwise multiple regression procedures, then you may interpret the F to enter/remove values in the same way as in stepwise regression.

Capitalizing on chance. A common misinterpretation of the results of stepwise discriminant analysis is to take statistical significance levels at face value. By nature, the stepwise procedures will capitalize on chance because they "pick and choose" the variables to be included in the model so as to yield maximum discrimination. Thus, when using the stepwise approach the researcher should be aware that the significance levels do not reflect the true alpha error rate, that is, the probability of erroneously rejecting H0 (the null hypothesis that there is no discrimination between groups).

Interpreting a Two-Group Discriminant Function

In the two-group case, discriminant function analysis can also be thought of as (and is analogous to) multiple regression (see Multiple Regression; the two-group discriminant analysis is also called Fisher linear discriminant analysis after Fisher, 1936; computationally all of these approaches are analogous). If we code the two groups in the analysis as 1 and 2, and use that variable as the dependent variable in a multiple regression analysis, then we would get results that are analogous to those we would obtain via Discriminant Analysis. In general, in the two-group case we fit a linear equation of the type:

Group = a + b1*x1 + b2*x2 + ... + bm*xm

where a is a constant and b1 through bm are regression coefficients. The interpretation of the results of a two-group problem is straightforward and closely follows the logic of multiple regression: Those variables with the largest (standardized) regression coefficients are the ones that contribute most to the prediction of group membership.

Discriminant Functions for Multiple Groups

When there are more than two groups, then we can estimate more than one discriminant function like the one presented above. For example, when there are three groups, we could estimate (1) a function for discriminating between group 1 and groups 2 and 3 combined, and (2) another function for discriminating between group 2 and group 3. For example, we could have one function that discriminates between those high school graduates that go to college and those who do not (but rather get a job or go to a professional or trade school), and a second function to discriminate between those graduates that go to a professional or trade school versus those who get a job. The b coefficients in those discriminant functions could then be interpreted as before.

Canonical analysis. When actually performing a multiple group discriminant analysis, we do not have to specify how to combine groups so as to form different discriminant functions. Rather, you can automatically determine some optimal combination of variables so that the first function provides the most overall discrimination between groups, the second provides second most, and so on. Moreover, the functions will be independent or orthogonal, that is, their contributions to the discrimination between groups will not overlap. Computationally, you will perform a canonical correlation analysis (see also Canonical Correlation) that will determine the successive functions and canonical roots (the term root refers to the eigenvalues that are associated with the respective canonical function). The maximum number of functions will be equal to the number of groups minus one, or the number of variables in the analysis, whichever is smaller.

Interpreting the discriminant functions. As before, we will get b (and standardized beta) coefficients for each variable in each discriminant (now also called canonical) function, and they can be interpreted as usual: the larger the standardized coefficient, the greater is the contribution of the respective variable to the discrimination between groups. (Note that we could also interpret the structure coefficients; see below.) However, these coefficients do not tell us between which of the groups the respective functions discriminate. We can identify the nature of the discrimination for each discriminant (canonical) function by looking at the means for the functions across groups. We can also visualize how the two functions discriminate between groups by plotting the individual scores for the two discriminant functions (see the example graph below).

In this example, Root (function) 1 seems to discriminate mostly between groups Setosa, and Virginic and Versicol combined. In the vertical direction (Root 2), a slight trend of Versicol points to fall below the center line (0) is apparent.

Factor structure matrix. Another way to determine which variables "mark" or define a particular discriminant function is to look at the factor structure. The factor structure coefficients are the correlations between the variables in the model and the discriminant functions; if you are familiar with factor analysis (see Factor Analysis) you may think of these correlations as factor loadings of the variables on each discriminant function.

Some authors have argued that these structure coefficients should be used when interpreting the substantive "meaning" of discriminant functions. The reasons given by those authors are that (1) supposedly the structure coefficients are more stable, and (2) they allow for the interpretation of factors (discriminant functions) in the manner that is analogous to factor analysis. However, subsequent Monte Carlo research (Barcikowski & Stevens, 1975; Huberty, 1975) has shown that the discriminant function coefficients and the structure coefficients are about equally unstable, unless the n is fairly large (e.g., if there are 20 times more cases than there are variables). The most important thing to remember is that the discriminant function coefficients denote the unique (partial) contribution of each variable to the discriminant function(s), while the structure coefficients denote the simple correlations between the variables and the function(s). If one wants to assign substantive "meaningful" labels to the discriminant functions (akin to the interpretation of factors in factor analysis), then the structure coefficients should be used (interpreted); if one wants to learn what is each variable's unique contribution to the discriminant function, use the discriminant function coefficients (weights).

Significance of discriminant functions. One can test the number of roots that add significantly to the discrimination between group. Only those found to be statistically significant should be used for interpretation; non-significant functions (roots) should be ignored.

Summary. To summarize, when interpreting multiple discriminant functions, which arise from analyses with more than two groups and more than one variable, one would first test the different functions for statistical significance, and only consider the significant functions for further examination. Next, we would look at the standardized b coefficients for each variable for each significant function. The larger the standardized b coefficient, the larger is the respective variable's unique contribution to the discrimination specified by the respective discriminant function. In order to derive substantive "meaningful" labels for the discriminant functions, one can also examine the factor structure matrix with the correlations between the variables and the discriminant functions. Finally, we would look at the means for the significant discriminant functions in order to determine between which groups the respective functions seem to discriminate.
Assumptions

As mentioned earlier, discriminant function analysis is computationally very similar to MANOVA, and all assumptions for MANOVA mentioned in ANOVA/MANOVA apply. In fact, you may use the wide range of diagnostics and statistical tests of assumption that are available to examine your data for the discriminant analysis.

Normal distribution. It is assumed that the data (for the variables) represent a sample from a multivariate normal distribution. You can examine whether or not variables are normally distributed with histograms of frequency distributions. However, note that violations of the normality assumption are usually not "fatal," meaning, that the resultant significance tests etc. are still "trustworthy." You may use specific tests for normality in addition to graphs.

Homogeneity of variances/covariances. It is assumed that the variance/covariance matrices of variables are homogeneous across groups. Again, minor deviations are not that important; however, before accepting final conclusions for an important study it is probably a good idea to review the within-groups variances and correlation matrices. In particular a scatterplot matrix can be produced and can be very useful for this purpose. When in doubt, try re-running the analyses excluding one or two groups that are of less interest. If the overall results (interpretations) hold up, you probably do not have a problem. You may also use the numerous tests available to examine whether or not this assumption is violated in your data. However, as mentioned in ANOVA/MANOVA, the multivariate Box M test for homogeneity of variances/covariances is particularly sensitive to deviations from multivariate normality, and should not be taken too "seriously."

Correlations between means and variances. The major "real" threat to the validity of significance tests occurs when the means for variables across groups are correlated with the variances (or standard deviations). Intuitively, if there is large variability in a group with particularly high means on some variables, then those high means are not reliable. However, the overall significance tests are based on pooled variances, that is, the average variance across all groups. Thus, the significance tests of the relatively larger means (with the large variances) would be based on the relatively smaller pooled variances, resulting erroneously in statistical significance. In practice, this pattern may occur if one group in the study contains a few extreme outliers, who have a large impact on the means, and also increase the variability. To guard against this problem, inspect the descriptive statistics, that is, the means and standard deviations or variances for such a correlation.

The matrix ill-conditioning problem. Another assumption of discriminant function analysis is that the variables that are used to discriminate between groups are not completely redundant. As part of the computations involved in discriminant analysis, you will invert the variance/covariance matrix of the variables in the model. If any one of the variables is completely redundant with the other variables then the matrix is said to be ill-conditioned, and it cannot be inverted. For example, if a variable is the sum of three other variables that are also in the model, then the matrix is ill-conditioned.

Tolerance values. In order to guard against matrix ill-conditioning, constantly check the so-called tolerance value for each variable. This tolerance value is computed as 1 minus R-square of the respective variable with all other variables included in the current model. Thus, it is the proportion of variance that is unique to the respective variable. You may also refer to Multiple Regression to learn more about multiple regression and the interpretation of the tolerance value. In general, when a variable is almost completely redundant (and, therefore, the matrix ill-conditioning problem is likely to occur), the tolerance value for that variable will approach 0.

Classification

Another major purpose to which discriminant analysis is applied is the issue of predictive classification of cases. Once a model has been finalized and the discriminant functions have been derived, how well can we predict to which group a particular case belongs?

A priori and post hoc predictions. Before going into the details of different estimation procedures, we would like to make sure that this difference is clear. Obviously, if we estimate, based on some data set, the discriminant functions that best discriminate between groups, and then use the same data to evaluate how accurate our prediction is, then we are very much capitalizing on chance. In general, one will always get a worse classification when predicting cases that were not used for the estimation of the discriminant function. Put another way, post hoc predictions are always better than a priori predictions. (The trouble with predicting the future a priori is that one does not know what will happen; it is much easier to find ways to predict what we already know has happened.) Therefore, one should never base one's confidence regarding the correct classification of future observations on the same data set from which the discriminant functions were derived; rather, if one wants to classify cases predictively, it is necessary to collect new data to "try out" (cross-validate) the utility of the discriminant functions.

Classification functions. These are not to be confused with the discriminant functions. The classification functions can be used to determine to which group each case most likely belongs. There are as many classification functions as there are groups. Each function allows us to compute classification scores for each case for each group, by applying the formula:

Si = ci + wi1*x1 + wi2*x2 + ... + wim*xm

In this formula, the subscript i denotes the respective group; the subscripts 1, 2, ..., m denote the m variables; ci is a constant for the i'th group, wij is the weight for the j'th variable in the computation of the classification score for the i'th group; xj is the observed value for the respective case for the j'th variable. Si is the resultant classification score.

We can use the classification functions to directly compute classification scores for some new observations.

Classification of cases. Once we have computed the classification scores for a case, it is easy to decide how to classify the case: in general we classify the case as belonging to the group for which it has the highest classification score (unless the a priori classification probabilities are widely disparate; see below). Thus, if we were to study high school students' post-graduation career/educational choices (e.g., attending college, attending a professional or trade school, or getting a job) based on several variables assessed one year prior to graduation, we could use the classification functions to predict what each student is most likely to do after graduation. However, we would also like to know the probability that the student will make the predicted choice. Those probabilities are called posterior probabilities, and can also be computed. However, to understand how those probabilities are derived, let us first consider the so-called Mahalanobis distances.

Mahalanobis distances. You may have read about these distances in other parts of the manual. In general, the Mahalanobis distance is a measure of distance between two points in the space defined by two or more correlated variables. For example, if there are two variables that are uncorrelated, then we could plot points (cases) in a standard two-dimensional scatterplot; the Mahalanobis distances between the points would then be identical to the Euclidean distance; that is, the distance as, for example, measured by a ruler. If there are three uncorrelated variables, we could also simply use a ruler (in a 3-D plot) to determine the distances between points. If there are more than 3 variables, we cannot represent the distances in a plot any more. Also, when the variables are correlated, then the axes in the plots can be thought of as being non-orthogonal; that is, they would not be positioned in right angles to each other. In those cases, the simple Euclidean distance is not an appropriate measure, while the Mahalanobis distance will adequately account for the correlations.

Mahalanobis distances and classification. For each group in our sample, we can determine the location of the point that represents the means for all variables in the multivariate space defined by the variables in the model. These points are called group centroids. For each case we can then compute the Mahalanobis distances (of the respective case) from each of the group centroids. Again, we would classify the case as belonging to the group to which it is closest, that is, where the Mahalanobis distance is smallest.

Posterior classification probabilities. Using the Mahalanobis distances to do the classification, we can now derive probabilities. The probability that a case belongs to a particular group is basically proportional to the Mahalanobis distance from that group centroid (it is not exactly proportional because we assume a multivariate normal distribution around each centroid). Because we compute the location of each case from our prior knowledge of the values for that case on the variables in the model, these probabilities are called posterior probabilities. In summary, the posterior probability is the probability, based on our knowledge of the values of other variables, that the respective case belongs to a particular group. Some software packages will automatically compute those probabilities for all cases (or for selected cases only for cross-validation studies).

A priori classification probabilities. There is one additional factor that needs to be considered when classifying cases. Sometimes, we know ahead of time that there are more observations in one group than in any other; thus, the a priori probability that a case belongs to that group is higher. For example, if we know ahead of time that 60% of the graduates from our high school usually go to college (20% go to a professional school, and another 20% get a job), then we should adjust our prediction accordingly: a priori, and all other things being equal, it is more likely that a student will attend college that choose either of the other two options. You can specify different a priori probabilities, which will then be used to adjust the classification of cases (and the computation of posterior probabilities) accordingly.

In practice, the researcher needs to ask him or herself whether the unequal number of cases in different groups in the sample is a reflection of the true distribution in the population, or whether it is only the (random) result of the sampling procedure. In the former case, we would set the a priori probabilities to be proportional to the sizes of the groups in our sample, in the latter case we would specify the a priori probabilities as being equal in each group. The specification of different a priori probabilities can greatly affect the accuracy of the prediction.

Summary of the prediction. A common result that one looks at in order to determine how well the current classification functions predict group membership of cases is the classification matrix. The classification matrix shows the number of cases that were correctly classified (on the diagonal of the matrix) and those that were misclassified.

Another word of caution. To reiterate, post hoc predicting of what has happened in the past is not that difficult. It is not uncommon to obtain very good classification if one uses the same cases from which the classification functions were computed. In order to get an idea of how well the current classification functions "perform," one must classify (a priori) different cases, that is, cases that were not used to estimate the classification functions. You can include or exclude cases from the computations; thus, the classification matrix can be computed for "old" cases as well as "new" cases. Only the classification of new cases allows us to assess the predictive validity of the classification functions (see also cross-validation); the classification of old cases only provides a useful diagnostic tool to identify outliers or areas where the classification function seems to be less adequate.

Summary. In general Discriminant Analysis is a very useful tool (1) for detecting the variables that allow the researcher to discriminate between different (naturally occurring) groups, and (2) for classifying cases into different groups with a better than chance accuracy.

Source: Statsoft

Testing Hypothesis and Sampling on Research Methods

2011-01-22T01:39:00.000-08:00

Download the newest and free e-book about testing hypothesis and sampling on research methods, kindly please click here.
If you have any comments, please post your comment in this blogs. I will reply and answer it as soon as possible. Just another my free e-book on Distance Learning Business and Management. Quantitative and Statistics Methods for Management.

Practicing Time Series on Minitab

2011-01-14T17:42:00.000-08:00

Howdy my friends... This time I produldy present my newest e-book about Practicing Time Series on Minitab. I hope this e-book can helps you more understand about Time Series.
To download The Time Series on Minitab e-book, kindly please click HERE

Tutorial Installing Smartpls Software

2010-12-27T19:20:00.001-08:00

Based on the information that contained on the smartpls websites, known that SmartPLS is a software application for (graphical) path modeling with latent variables (LVP). The partial least squares (PLS)-method is used for the LVP-analysis in this software.

In the download area, the first beta-version is accessible (free of charge). A registration is required! The following new features are presented in the new release SmartPLS 2.0 (beta):

a completely re-engineered software application using the JAVA Eclipse Platform,

the option to easily extend the functionality of SmartPLS by JAVA Eclipse Plug-ins, and

a SmartPLS community to discuss all software and PLS related topics with other users and experts.

This is very useful software for do some research, especially if you want to do research in management. How to get this software? Based on information on the site, these are 4 steps how to get smartpls 2:

Step 1
Register with your TRUE IDENTITY in the SmartPLS Forum. You receive an E-Mail with your USSERNAME and PASSWORD.

Step 2
Your registration is CHECKED by the administrators. If approved (this is usually the case) your profile is ACTIVATED and you receive another E-Mail with your ACTIVATION KEY for the SmartPLS 2 software application.

Step 3
Log into the SmartPLS Forum (with your USSERNAME and PASSWORD) and get the SmartPLS 2 software application, sample data files, sample models as well as a video based user manual in the DOWNLOAD area.

Step 4
INSTALL/UNZIP the application on your computer system and START it. For the first start, you need to copy and paste your ACTIVATION KEY (that you received via E-Mail) into the SmartPLS 2 activation window.

Why register?

The SmartPLS community platform hosts different forums in order to provide information on SmartPLS and PLS-based LVP. These forums are not accessible for non registered persons. We insist on a “real world” user identity to ensure the professional and profound exchange of information.

Since summer 2010, the SmartPLS software application for PLS path modeling has more than 20,000 registered users.

If you want to register it now, kindly please click here
Till I post this article, I still try to understanding this software. One important thing before you run this application, you should have installing Java Environment on your computer or notebook. I try to search the handbook of smartpls on the internet. The best handbook of smartpls I will share it on my blog as soon as possible. Thanks

Introduction to Management Information System

2010-12-17T17:56:00.000-08:00

Right now I will discuss and sharing to you about the Management Information System course. This course is taught at universities that have a major in management. Hopefully this simple article can give benefit to all of us.

What is The Meaning of System?
The system is an interconnected group of components, working together to achieve a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an orderly process of transformation.

Management Information System
Management Information System is a series of sub-systems are comprehensive and coordinated information that rationally able to transform that data into information in various ways to improve productivity in accordance with the style and nature of managers

Theoretically, the computer is not an absolute prerequisite for a Management Information System, but in practice seems to be a belief that a good Management Information System will not run smoothly without the help of the ability of a computer.

Download the full article of Management Information System (Introduction), click here

Simple Linear Regression

2010-11-19T01:34:00.000-08:00

Regression analysis is a very valuable tool for today's manager. Regression has been used to model such things as the relationship between level of education and income, the price of a house and the square footage, and the sales volume for a company relative to the dollars spent on advertising. When business are trying to decide which location is best for a new store or branch office, regression models are often used. Cost estimation models are often regression models. The applicability of regression analysis virtually limitless.
There are generally two purposes for regression analysis. The first is to understand the relationship between variables such as advertising expenditures and sales. The second purposes is to predict the value of one variable based on the value of the other.
The simple linear regression model will first be developed, and then a more complex multiple regression model will be used to incorporate even more variables into our model. In any regression model, the variable to be predicted is called the dependent variable or response variable. The value of this is said to be dependent upon the value of an independent variable, which is sometimes called an explanatory variable or a predictor variable.
In any regression model, there is an implicit assumption (which can be tested) that a relationship exist between the variables. There is also some random error that cannot be predicted. The underlying simple linear regression model is:
Y = b0 + b1X + error

where:
Y = dependent variable (response variable)
X = independent variable (predictor variable or explanatory variable)
bo = intercept (value of Y when X = 0)
b1 = slope of regression line
error = random error
Download statistics handout of Simple Linear Regression, here. Full version and it's free.
Distance Learning Business and Management on Statistics object.

Minitab for Binomial Distribution

2010-10-22T03:37:00.000-07:00

Life is uncertain, we are not sure what the future will bring
Risk and probability is a part of our daily lives
Probability is a numerical statement about the likelihood that an event will occur
The probability, P, of any event or state of nature occurring is greater than or equal to 0 & less than /equal to 1. That is:

0 <= P (event) <= 1

The sum of the simple probabilities for all possible outcomes of an activity must equal 1

The Binomial Distribution
Many business experiments can be characterized by the Bernoulli process
The Bernoulli process is described by the binomial probability distribution

Each trial has only two possible outcomes
The probability stays the same from one trial to the next
The trials are statistically independent
The number of trials is a positive integer

The binomial distribution is used to find the probability of a specific number of successes out of n trials. Minitab software could helps us about calculating binomial distribution.
If you need tutorials how to use Minitab to calculate binomial distribution, I give you free tutorial how to use it.
To download Minitab tutorial about Binomial Distribution, Please Click Here

Introduction to Quantitative Analysis

2010-10-21T00:55:00.000-07:00

After completing this chapter, you will be able to:

Describe the quantitative analysis approach
Understand the application of quantitative analysis in a real situation
Describe the use of modeling in quantitative analysis
Use computers and spreadsheet models to perform quantitative analysis
Discuss possible problems in using quantitative analysis
Perform a break-even analysis

Introduction

Mathematical tools have been used for thousands of years
Quantitative analysis can be applied to a wide variety of problems
It’s not enough to just know the mathematics of a technique
One must understand the specific applicability of the technique, its limitations, and its assumptions

Examples of Quantitative Analyses

Dzikri Cell company saved over $150 million using forecasting and scheduling quantitative analysis models
XYZ television increased revenues by over $200 million by using quantitative analysis to develop better sales plans
Ali Baba Airlines saved over $40 million using quantitative analysis models to quickly recover from weather delays and other disruptions

What is Quantitative Analysis?
Quantitative analysis is a scientific approach to managerial decision making whereby raw data are processed and manipulated resulting in meaningful information

Quantitative factors might be different investment alternatives, interest rates, inventory levels, demand, or labor cost
Qualitative factors such as the weather, state and federal legislation, and technology breakthroughs should also be considered

Information may be difficult to quantify but can affect the decision-making process
Defining the Problem
Need to develop a clear and concise statement that gives direction and meaning to the following steps
This may be the most important and difficult step

It is essential to go beyond symptoms and identify true causes
May be necessary to concentrate on only a few of the problems – selecting the right problems is very important
Specific and measurable objectives may have to be developed

Developing a Model
Quantitative analysis models are realistic, solvable, and understandable mathematical representations of a situation

Models generally contain variables (controllable and uncontrollable) and parameters
Controllable variables are generally the decision variables and are generally unknown
Parameters are known quantities that are a part of the problem

Acquiring Input Data

Input data must be accurate – GIGO rule
Data may come from a variety of sources such as company reports, company documents, interviews, on-site direct measurement, or statistical sampling

Download Slide STK 511

2010-10-11T04:54:00.000-07:00

For all my friend, you can easily download slide of STK 511 (Statistics lessons)
Download Slide Tutorial, click here
Download Slide Distribution Probability, click here

Thank you, for visiting my blog
Distance Learning Business and Management
To Learn and To Share...

DOWNLOAD MODULES STATISTICS (STK 511)

2010-09-24T00:52:00.000-07:00

Here are three files statistics lecture materials, lesson on September 24, 2010. This files I dedicated special for all my friends on IPB Graduate School. Sorry if I am late to upload it and also sorry if my blog contain a lot of ads...
Notes: if you wanna makes friendship with me, you can add me on facebook with this e-mail address: budi_divacell@yahoo.co.id

DOWNLOAD Statistics Descriptive Slide, Click Here
DOWNLOAD Dummy Questionnaire, Click Here
DOWNLOAD Data Dummy Questionnaire, Click Here

If you have any comment, or if you feel it is so difficult to download it, you can send me your e-mail. Thanks

Training Ourselves Patience

2010-09-03T03:02:00.000-07:00

Have you ever heard the term "Patience People loved the Lord"? I am sure you must have heard it before. My article today is about patience and how to train ourselves patience. I though this article from various sources on the internet. Hopefully this post can give benefit to me and to you.
Patience is an important trait that allows us to persevere and remain focused in matters of daily living. Here are some exercises to help you train your patience.
Steps
First Exercise:
1. Take a piece of cardboard, about the size of a large sheet of 8x11 in paper.
2. Cut a hole in the cardboard, about the size of an ink-stain (about an inch in diameter)
3. Seat yourself comfortably, then take the cardboard by the lower rim between your thumb and index finger, the arm well extended out from the body
4. Look through the ink-stain on the paper so the stain is exactly enclosed, with none of the white surface appearing to the eye. Focus all your attention on the hole you made, and let not a speck of white appear to your eyes.
5. For the first few times you practice this, do not exceed twenty seconds. After you gain more experience, you may extend the time, little by little. Do not exceed 20 seconds on your first few trials.
6. The key is to be very exact in this experiment, with no speck of white appearing to the eye during the exercise

Second Exercise:
1. Similar to the First Exercise, only this time take a sheet of paper instead of a piece of cardboard.
2. Do as in the First Exercise. You must try to keep the paper stiff while trying to focus your eyes on the hole. If the paper bends, try the exercise over again. Do the same exercise as in the First Exercise, but with the additional challenge of keeping the paper stiff.

Third Exercise:
1. Trace a straight horizontal line on a wall
2. Fill a glass of water to a third of an inch of the brim, and hold it toward the bottom, so that the water will be on a level with the line traced on the wall
3. You must ensure that the surface of the water will not deviate from the line
4. Hold the glass at arm's length from the body till you fell tired.
5. With practice, this exercise can be done without the slightest stirring of water. Gradually increase the duration you can do this

Fourth Exercise:
1. Fill the glass now to the very top and repeat the Third Exercise. Now fill the glass full of water...
2. If the water overflows, try again

Fifth Exercise:
1. After filling the glass to the brim, hold it up from the bottom by the thumb and fourth finger for two seconds. Fill the glass full to the brim
2. Move it slowly from right to left, keeping its brim level with the line on the wall.

After five exercises that I inform you, now I will inform you, some tips are useful in trying the exercises that I has been give to you.
TIPS:
1. The very first few times you try these exercises, you might fail. Do not let it discourage you. Try again.
2. Perseverance in trying these exercises will eventually help you overcome your nervousness, as you will have much occasion dealing with this during your repeated trials

Alright, I think enough for this times. Hopefully I can continue again next time, sharing knowledge to you all, as a part of my purposes to make this Distance Learning Business and Management blogs.

Linguistic devices (Part 1)

2010-08-27T03:15:00.000-07:00

Linguistic devices
Like most languages in the world, Indonesian language (Bahasa Indonesia) written in Latin characters. There are two known forms of the Latin alphabet, ie roman and italic letters. Latin characters can be displayed in a thin, thick and capital.
Roman letters always stand up straight so that the handwriting is so often referred to as "printed". In the world of printing and typing this letter shapes that always used the principle of obedience. Unless otherwise specified, roman letters (especially those who look skinny), almost always can be used for anything else.
Italics, or italic known, is shown in italic letters and shapes, such as handwriting. Italics are also called cursive letters. If typed or handwritten, the slope is marked by a single bottom line. Italics are used in the nine following:
1. Foreign words and phrases in many languages to survive spelling: ad hoc, et al, in vitro
2. Constants and variables that are unknown in mathematics. For example (x, y, l)
3. Name of ship or satellite. For example KRI Macan Tutul, Apollo 11
4. The word or term that was introduced for a special discussion, for example kakas, citraan
5. The word or phrase that is emphasized, for example ... it is not justified (hal itu tidak dibenarkan)
6. notice of cross-references in the index: see (lihat), see also (lihat juga)
7. Titles of books or periodicals mentioned in the article body: Biological
8. Artificial sounds: From the nest of the bird's chirping sound tu-ju-pu-lu-tu-ju-pu-lu
9. scientific names, such as genus, species, varieties and form creature: Salacca zalacca var, amboinese. however, the scientific name of taxon above genus level was not written with italic letters: Felidae, Moraceae, Mucorales.

Thus we learn the material this time I publish on my Distance Learning Business and Management blogs, hopefully we can continue on a future occasion.

A Robbery incident with hypnotic mode in Bandar Lampung Indonesia

2010-08-25T20:34:00.000-07:00

Some day I saw the news on television that is on TVOne, about a robbery incident with hypnotic mode. Television broadcast CCTV footage of robbery incident that occurred in Bandar Lampung in a very clear mini market.Seen on tape, there are some people who entered a supermarket in groups, then do a hypnotist to employees at the supermarket. As a result, the employees had become unconscious, so obey all the desire of these criminals. Flock criminals asked employees of mini market to spend money in the safe box, not only that, the criminals also took some stuff from his store.

I read the latest news on the internet aware that Metro Jaya Regional Police are still tracing herd suspected of committing a series of robberies with a hypnotic method some time ago in Bandar Lampung. They are citizens of foreign origin of Syria and Iran, named Memed Sahdi and Hedi Waridan. "Both men," said Head of Public Relations Polda Metro Jaya, Kombes Pol. Boy Rafli Amar on Thursday, August 26, 2010.

While undergoing the process of police investigation, two suspects chose silence. "Still want to talk, do not acknowledge as existing players such as the CCTV footage. So, we still find out," as presented by the Boy. Meanwhile, a woman who suspects caught on CCTV camera wearing a white veil, still chased by the police. Its identity was known to the authorities. His name initials 'A'.
To be spared from evil hypnosis, we must continuously enhance our faith in God. For a Muslim, this can be done with the dhikr of Allah SWT always, pray and ask God Almighty that we should always be protected from harm. Dhikr is a personal shield for a Muslim. Indonesia Hot News so this time I publish on the blog of Business and Management Distance Learning

Horrible, many illegal firearms circulating in society

2010-08-25T03:41:00.001-07:00

Horrible, many illegal firearms circulating in society

Some time later this increasingly rife Action robbery using firearms in various regions of the Republic of Indonesia. Reckless and egregious actions of the gunman that police have made plans to pull a firearm that is currently circulating in the community.

Then the question we are together, what is the exact number of firearms currently circulating widely in the community? According to Chief of Police Public Information Division, Commissioner of Police Large Marwoto Soeto, the number of firearms that have been circulating in the community received permission that number reached tens of thousands.

"This type of non-organic weapons that are allowed to use people for self-defense is a firearm 25 caliber pistols and revolvers, 32, and 22. The number is up to August was 17 983 pieces," said Marwoto at Police Headquarters, Jakarta, Wednesday, August 25, 2010.

Marwoto added that firearms are circulating in civil society that is also owned by private security institutions. The numbers in the thousands. "Which is owned by institutions such as security guards, which reaches 4699 registered shoots," he conveys.

However, the number of guns in circulation much more than that registered in the Police. More than 18,000 pieces. "The number of firearms that can permit it, but it is not official, I do not know," he said.

According to him, the use of firearms by the public was allowed to defend themselves. Use it with a requirement under the organic standards of the Police. "Can I get a permit the use of weapons of origin under the standards Police," he said.
This news article I got from a source VIVAnews, I present in English with the aim of improving educational quality human resources in Indonesia, particularly in improving the ability in English.

Mike Tyson Crying in Holy Land

2010-08-24T01:33:00.000-07:00

A few days ago I read a news on the internet, about the former world heavyweight boxing champion Mike Tyson. Former world heavyweight boxing champion, Mike Tyson was reportedly crying when he visited the Masjid al-Nabawi in Madina, Saudi Arabia. Tyson also reported doing 'Umrah in Mecca, on Sunday, July 4, 2010.

Tyson stepped on the Holy Land for the first time on Friday, July 2, 2010. A strong man is aged 44 years and then immediately perform a number of activities, including the conduct of worship in the Masjid al-Nabawi. As quoted by the Saudi Gazette on Monday, July 5, 2010, Mike Tyson was staying at a hotel near Masjid Al-Nabawi and extraordinary acclaim from his fans.

The former boxer who got the nickname 'The Neck Concrete' is getting very tight guard when he Dhuhr prayers. Mike Tyson said that he had a profound spiritual experience during the extraordinary in Saudi Arabia.

"I'm happy to have fans who love me here (Saudi Arabia). But, I really hope they leave me alone to enjoy a spiritual moment in the Holy Land. I am not authorized to tears when I learned
that I was in one of the gardens of paradise, "he said by Tyson when he visited the Masjid Al-Nabawi.

Tyson who converted to Islam while still in prison in the mid-1990s, then changed clothes to wear ihram to perform Umrah in Mekah. After finished doing 'Umrah in Mecca, a former boxer who has a Muslim name Malik Abdul Aziz is also scheduled to visit Jeddah, Abha and Riyadh.
Thus I re-write this article, sourced from ViVaNews.com which I access on Tuesday, August 24, 2010.

Qory Sandioriva Video on YouTube

2010-08-23T19:30:00.000-07:00

A few days ago I visited a video sharing site that is YouTube. It turns out that the site was no splashy video and become a conversation. The YouTube video is a video that shows the preliminary round in the Miss Universe 2010 beauty pageant by Miss Indonesia, Qory Sandioriva, which turned out to get tough criticism. This is due in the play offs where Qory must answer a few questions submitted by the jury with using the English language that can not be answered properly and smoothly by Qory. In fact, some comments on the site that mention the extreme if Qory can not speak English. I think that comment was too harsh and inappropriate.
Qory Sandioriva video on YouTube that was posted on August 15 has been viewed over 23 thousand times and get hundreds of comments from visitors to the site. There are a variety of comments, ranging from insulting to give moral support to Qory.

I think it could happen probably because it was too groggy or for other reasons, Qory answer the question with an English interviewer that is not too good. Qory Sandioriva which is the winner of Puteri Indonesia 2010 contest was in my opinion has a good ability in speaking English. High pressure level contests in the world can cause a person to become nervous and can not show their best performance. This is common as human beings, all people may experience nervous when in a tense atmosphere. Nevertheless I hope that events like this can be minimized from the start, so mentally in a match at international contests can become more resilient. Indonesia Hot News so this time I told you, hopefully we can take lessons from this incident there in order to improve the quality of our education.

Fast Learning and Understanding Science With Online Tutorials

2010-08-23T19:01:00.000-07:00

Education is so important for our life, so we have to study well for our bright future. Studying science in biology, chemistry and natural science is very interesting and fun. However, not infrequently we hear the other person feel difficulty in understanding it. I think this is fair enough, because sometimes on some of the discussion was very difficult and need guidance to learn well and exactly right. Some of student complained about the difficulty of doing science homework, so they desperately need science homework help so they can complete learning tasks so getting satisfactory value from their teachers or lecturers. Some of my friends also had told me that they sometimes have difficulties in understanding science. Even they also say if they really want to learn not only about science but also about balancing equations because it is very interesting science to be studied and understood.
I personally also love the science of learning about the Ionic compounds, I often read books that can explain about it. But sometimes I also find it difficult to understand, because the study relied only accompanied by a book without a reliable tutor, I feel pretty difficult. My partner is somewhat different, he told me that he is interested to learn Nitric acid. My colleague told me that she finds very enjoyable way of learning, is online learning guided by expert tutors. My colleague advised me to visit the site tutorvista.com. He said this site has an excellent tutorial services and view an interesting site. I was curious and tried to visit this site several days later. Wow very interesting concept of educational tutorials that they offer to their customers. Where previously I had difficulty in learning, then I am sure through the tutorial services from this site, all my difficulties in learning will be resolved.
My lecturer once asked me about the term Homogeneous mixture, then after I visited this site, I can do an online consultation so that I can find answers to questions submitted by my lecturer. Amazing, this site is truly amazing ... not only that .. This site can also give information to me about Heterogeneous mixture. View of the tremendous benefits offered by this site to the tutorials you who need guidance in education from tutors who are skilled, I highly recommend you to immediately visit the site. However, it is before you decide to join you must have really read in detail all the rules they set in those sites. I think with this online tutorial, you will get fast learning and understanding science that absolutely will makes your future brighter.. I hope so, Insya Allah.

Online Tutorial, Practical and Fun

2010-08-23T18:38:00.000-07:00

We often hear and see people who complain and find it difficult to learn and understand the quantitative sciences such as mathematics, algebra, calculus and physics. This may be because the field of quantitative science requires high concentration and high intelligence or intellectual. Difficulty in learning and understanding person field of quantitative science such as the above, I think is caused by several things, that is as follows:
1. Boring teaching methods
2. Teachers who are not professional
3. Learning tool or a means of limited education
Currently the development of computer information technology and the Internet, growing very rapidly. I think this can have positive impacts on the system and ways of learning a quantitative science (mathematics, algebra, calculus and physics), becomes easier, more enjoyable, and relatively cheaper cost. One way of learning and the educational system currently being developed is a method of distance education using the Internet. A few days ago I get information about a site that organizes online education in the field of quantitative science. When I get that information, I immediately visited and read some of the information contained on the site. The site was named tutornext.com. From the domain name alone we may be able to guess that the site is a site which provides services in various fields of science tutorial education. This website provides Math Help those of us who need guidance in science and math tutorials, in a more effective and more efficient. Math Help Through this service, we will be guided by expert tutors and professionals in the field of mathematics, so that Math Problems that we face will be resolved properly.
Students and students who are educated, can not be separated from the homework that is assigned study given by a teacher or lecturer. Tutornext.com site also provides Homework Help, a service that is very modern. The students and students who have difficulty in doing his homework, will be ameliorated by effective and efficient so that homework can be completed properly. Not only a math tutorial services and homework are offered by this site, tutorial services in other sciences such as algebra, calculus, and physics is also an advantage of educational tutorial services on this site.
Great and amazing ... we can learn a lot of science with just using the services provided by this site. If you need algebra help then you will get help in the field of algebra from professional tutors from this site. This site guarantees to provide their best services to assist your learning. Not only the algebra, and even if you need calculus help, then you will get the best tutorial services from this site. I watched the look of this site in detail, and I think this site has an attractive appearance and easy to understand. Very impressive ... I got fascinated by seeing the benefits of the program of education tutorial services offered by this site, even they also can give physics help services with professional and satisfying its customers. I highly recommend you to visit this site, and find as much information in accordance with your needs.

malaysian police do some provocative: do arrest Three Indonesian peoples and shoot them

2010-08-15T19:30:00.000-07:00

Diplomatic relations between the two countries, namely Indonesia and Malaysia re-heated. Malaysia detained three Indonesian fisheries inspection officer after the arrest of seven events that stole Malaysian fishermen fish in waters of the Republic of Indonesia.

On Sunday night, dated August 15, 2010, Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia namely Mr. Fadel Muhammad, accompanied by the Directorate General of Monitoring and Control of Marine Resources and Fisheries (P2SDKP) namely Mr. Aji Sularso provide information about the incident.

Both incidents memamaparkan chronological events based on a report the Police Directorate of Kasi Bin Gakkum Polda Riau Islands Waters, Adjunct Commissioner Ade Kuncoro. The report is based on the testimony of Supervisory Fishery Hermanto Tanjung Balai Karimun. Here is the sequence or chronology:

On Friday, dated August 13, 2010 at 10:30 pm, Supervisory Fishery Tanjung Balai Karimun Dolphin Boat 015 prepare to Batam to conduct joint patrols. Batam fisheries supervisors received information from the public there is a foreign-flagged fishing vessel fishing in Malaysian waters about rafting.

At approximately 14:00 pm, boat manned by three members of the Dolphin 015 DKP Satker Tanjung Balai Karimun, to go to Batam.

At 19:00 AM, 015 Ship Dolphin to move to the location of the target. There, they spotted a foreign fishing vessel is Malaysian-flagged fishing in Indonesian waters territory. The boat was then escorted to Batam. Three officers escorted ride on the ship.

At 22:00 pm, a patrol boat suddenly facing the Malaysian Marine Police. Malaysian police ordered members of the DKP in Boat Dolphin 015 to rise above their ship. Request denied. One of the officers, Hermanto explain the Malaysian-flagged vessel were arrested because they catch fish in Indonesian waters territory. Malaysian Marine Police patrol vessel did not respond.

Then, the Marine Police Patrol Ship Malaysia issued a warning shot. 015 Dolphin Ship captain fled towards the lamp rafting. Meanwhile, foreign-flagged fishing vessel was escorted by three Malaysian men were arrested by members of the DKP Marine Police Patrol Ship Malaysia.

"The boat was too small, not armed. I have yet to check whether the officers were armed, there were armed with pistols, but not all officers are armed," continued Aji Sularso.

After the tension died down, the two ships freed prisoners negotiate with each other. However, no agreement. Each brings home detention.

Dolphin vessel arrived at Pier 015 Water Pol Dit Sekupang Batam Riau Islands Police to carry out coordination as well as reporting the incident.

Indonesian fishing vessel arrested seven nationals of Malaysia. They are Muslims Bin Mahmud, a resident of Johor, Malaysia; Roszaidy Akkub Bin, Johor residents; Ghazali Bin Wahab, a resident Renggit River, Johor, Faisal Mohammad, a resident of Johor Endau; Boh Khee soo, the people of Johor; Lim Kok Guan; and Cheng Ah choy , residents renggit River, Johor, Malaysia.

Three people mentioned above Satker members detained by the Malaysian Marine Police, Hermanto, members Satker PSDKP Tanjung Balai Karimun; Ridwan, Satker PSDKP Tanjung Balai Karimun, and Rudi, satker PSDKP Tanjung Balai Karimun.

Source article: VIVA NEWS.com

Ustad Abu Bakar Ba'asyir Profile

2010-08-09T21:10:00.001-07:00

Ustad Abu Bakar Ba'asyir Profile

This time I was interested to write out and explain/describes to you about the profile of Ustad Abu Bakar Ba'asyir.
As usual, I find the information I needed through the help of the internet. The following are the results I found from searching information on the Internet, this paper, I convey to become news only information, there is no political intent or other unlawful purposes. Profile Abu Bakar Ba'asyir I found on wikipedia website (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakar_Bashir). Here is an excerpt of information:

Biography

Bashir was born in Jombang, East Java in August 17, 1938, to a family of Hadhrami Arab and Javanese descent. He was a student of Gontor Islamic boarding school in Ponorogo, graduating in 1959, before entering Al-Irsyad University, in Solo, Central Java and graduating in 1963. After time as an activist for the Islamic Student Association (Indonesian: Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam) in Solo, he was elected secretary of Al-Irsyad Youth Organization, and then president of Indonesian Islamic Youth Movement (GPII) (1961), and Indonesian Student Da'wah Organization (LDMI).[citation needed]

In 1972, Bashir founded Al-Mukmin boarding school with friends Abdullah Sungkar, Yoyo Roswadi, Abdul Qohar H. Daeng Matase and Abdllah Baraja. Al-Mukmin is located in Ngruki, near Solo, Central Java. Initially, Al-Mukmin's activities were limited to religious discussion after dhuhr (mid-day prayer). Following increasing interest, the founders expanded Al-Mukmin into Madrasah (Islamic school) and then to Pesantren (Islamic boarding school).

During President of Indonesia Suharto's New Order, Bashir and Sungkar were arrested for a number of reasons, firstly for actively supporting Sharia, the non-recognition of the Indonesian national ideology Pancasila which in part promotes religious pluralism. Secondly, the refusal of their school to salute the Indonesian flag which signified Bashir's continual refusal to recognise the authority of a secular Indonesian state. Bashir appealed but was subsequently imprisoned without trial from 1978 to 1982. Soon after his release, Bashir was convicted on similar charges; he was also linked to the bomb attack on the Buddhist monument Borobudur in 1985 but fled to Malaysia.During his years in exile Bashir undertook religious teachings in both Malaysia and Singapore. The United States government alleged that during this period he became involved with Jamaah Islamiyah, an alleged militant Islamist group. Bashir remained in exile until Indonesian President Suharto's fall in 1998. Bashir returned to Indonesia in 1999 and became a cleric, renewing his call for Sharia law.

Views and controversies

Abul Bakar Bashir has been described as the ideological godfather of Jamaah Islamiyah, even though there is not official evidence of his connection with the Islamic group. He claims to believe that Jemaah Islamiyah doesn't exist and that the CIA and Israel were behind terror attacks in Indonesia including the 2002 Bali bombings. Even after open confessions from the bombers, Bashir claimed in August 2006 that the 2002 Bali bombs were "replaced" by a "micro-nuclear" weapon by CIA. Bashir has expressed sympathy for Osama bin Laden and Saddam Hussein, but that he didn't "agree with all of their actions," in particular "total war." He further stated "...If this occurs in an Islamic country, the fitnah [discord] will be felt by Muslims. But to attack them in their country [America] is fine." He has claimed the 9/11 attacks were a false flag attack by America and Israel as a pretext to attack Muslims in Afghanistan and Iraq. In a speech following the Bali attacks Bashir stated,' I support Osama bin Laden's struggle because his is the true struggle to uphold Islam.'[10]. the Indonesian islamic cleric is portrayed strongly in Western media as an extreme thinker who inspires deadly actions, however to Bashir the true terrorists are America and Israel.

He has stated his belief that Indonesia must adhere to Sharia law and has renewed his calls for an Islamic state in Indonesia.

"There is no nobler life than to die as a martyr for jihad. None. The highest deed in Islam is Jihad. If we commit to Jihad, we can neglect other deeds, even fasting and prayer".

Abu Bakar Ba’asyir, Jakarta 2005

Controversy surrounding Abul Bakar Bashir heightened in early 2008 after a sermon given by the cleric in late 2007. Bashir allegedly refers to tourists in Bali as 'worms, snakes and maggots' with specific reference to the immorality of Australian infidels. Bashir states

the young must be first at the front line, don't hide at the back. You must be at the front, dies as martyrs and all your sins will be forgiven. This is how to achieve forgiveness...'

As described by Natasha Robinson, Bashir has returned to his hardline rhetoric. His early release from prison has been described as the catalyst to his revitalised, hardline approach towards non-Muslims. Bashir's view on non-Muslims is highlighted in this statement made in East Java in 2006, 'God willing, there are none here, if there were infidels here, just beat them up. Do not tolerate them. Bashir's specific mention of Australian tourists has created uproar among Government officials and the Australian media regarding the cleric's intolerant comments. Australia's Foreign Affairs Minister Stephen Smith views Bashir's comments in late 2007 as being full of the intolerance that has marked many of Bashir's previous speeches.

The cleric has also previously warned of severe retribution if the Bali bombers, who killed 202 people in 2002, be executed by firing squad. On 24 March 2008 the Bali bombers, who were on death row, lost almost any hope of escaping the death penalty as their lawyer, Fahmi Bachmid, withdrew from their last appeal. The Bali bombers were executed by firing squad at 12:15am on the 9th November, 2008.

Arrest and trial

In June 2002, the USA government asked Indonesia to turn over Omar Al-Faruq. Megawati's administration captured Al-Faruq and transferred him to American custody, and he was subsequently held in Bagram prison in Afghanistan.

Similarly, US State Department translator, Fred Burks revealed during Bashir's trial in Indonesia that the USA government had asked President Megawati secretly to hand-over Bashir in a meeting at Megawati's home in September 2002. Present at that meeting was US ambassador to Indonesia Ralph L. Boyce, National Security Council official Karen Brooks, and an unnamed CIA official.

Megawati refused to transfer Bashir saying, "I can't render somebody like him. People will find out".

On April 14, 2003, he was formally charged by the Indonesian government with treason, immigration violations, and providing false documents and statements to the Indonesian police. The charges are mainly related to the 2000 Christmas Eve bombings against Christian churches, which killed 18 people. In the Indonesian court, he was found not guilty of treason because the state failed to prove its case, but was found guilty on the immigration violations. In a local TV news interview, Metro TV, when asked, 'Are you truly a terrorist?'; He simply answered, 'No, I've never killed anyone.' He was sentenced to three years in prison, but the sentence was subsequently reduced to 20 months due to his good behavior in the prison.

On October 15, 2004, he was arrested by the Indonesian authorities and charged with involvement in the bomb attack on the Marriott Hotel in Jakarta on August 5, 2003, which killed 14 people. Secondary charges in the same indictment charge him of involvement in the 2002 Bali bombing, the first time he has faced charges in relation to that attack which killed 202 people. On March 3, 2005, Bashir was found guilty of conspiracy over the 2002 attacks, but was found not guilty of the charges surrounding the 2003 bombing. He was sentenced to two and a half years imprisonment.

Remission and release

On 17 August 2005, as part of the tradition of remissions for Indonesia's Independence Day, Bashir's jail term was cut by 4 months and 15 days. On 14 June 2006, to cheers from his supporters waiting outside, Abu Bakar Bashir was released, having served 25+ months in Jakarta's Cipinang prison, where he held court and coordinated the publication of a commemorative book with his release. About forty bodyguards in uniform black jackets linked arms to escort Bashir through chanting crowds.

After returning to the boarding school for which he is the spiritual leader, he pledged a renewed campaign to impose Islamic sharia law on Indonesia. He also called Australian Prime Minister, John Howard, to convert to Islam in order to save him from hell and receive God's forgiveness.[18] Howard said that Australians would be "extremely disappointed, even distressed" at the news of the release. In August 2006, Bashir claimed that the 2002 Bali bombs were replaced by the American CIA with a "micro-nuclear" weapon. He also claimed the original bombs were only intended to injure people, not kill them - despite the bombers' own admissions and public testimony. In answer to one reporter's question as to what the West and the United States can do to make the world safer, Bashir replied, "They have to stop fighting Islam. That's impossible because it is sunnatullah [destiny, a law of nature], as Allah has said in the Koran. If they want to have peace, they have to accept to be governed by Islam."

On December 21, 2006, Bashir's conviction was overturned by Indonesia's Supreme Court. He publicly criticised the United Nations because he remained on the body's list of international terrorists, saying "I am terrorist number 35 on the list."

In October 2008, Bashir announced he intends to start a new Islamic group in Indonesia, "Jemaah Ansharut Tauhid" ("partisans of the oneness of God"), at the time the Indonesian government was preparing to execute the three Bali bombers. Bashir repeated his claim that a nuclear device was released by the CIA, saying the attack was conspiracy between "America, Australia and the Jews"

I hope that those allegations that Ustad Abu Bakar Ba'asyir was involved in acts of terrorism in Indonesia is not true. The information I read from newspapers and television to inform you that during this accusation that the cleric Abu Bakar Ba'asyir was involved in acts of terrorism in Indonesia is not proven. I do not understand about this problem, I just hope Indonesia became a nation of peace, progress, and all its people can live in prosperity

The Braveness of TNI INDOBAT in Lebanon

2010-08-07T02:20:00.000-07:00

Recently I read the newspapers about two Indonesian soldiers as a members of the UNIFIL forces, preached fled during the war between Lebanon and Israel. A lot of news circulating, particularly on the internet and foreign media who preach false news and tend to speak ill of TNI (INDOBATT).
I am very proud of the courage our troops (TNI INDOBATT), they are very brave. Even when the war will happen, they bravely fought and risked their lives, tried to arbitrate the parties to a conflict.
This video is to prove to you that the TNI INDOBATT very valiantly, trying to stop the war at that time. You need to know, that moment they were alone. Where soldiers from other countries that entered the UNIFIL forces? This video is to prove to you that the TNI INDOBATT is the Indonesian national army (TNI) and the valiant knight.
I love You and We all love You TNI AD, Hiduplah Indonesia Raya... Allahu Akbar

Slash (Rock Guitarist) Photos Concert in Indonesia 2010

2010-08-04T02:22:00.000-07:00

Recently I was so busy and do not have enough time to post an articles about distance learning business and management or about the beauties of my country, Indonesia. Today I want to share news about SLASH that held a live concert in Indonesia (Surabaya and Jakarta). I really want to watch the concert, but I do not have enough time and opportunity to watch it. From the internet (id.omg.yahoo.com) than I found these few pictures/photos SLASH live concert in Indonesia 2010 (Surabaya and Jakarta). Hopefully these photos could describes the show (SLASH live concert in Indonesia 2010). Okay friends, proudly I write this article under labels Indonesia News and Indonesia Today.

Slash performing his guitar skills in Indonesia audience

Although this is his solo performs in Indonesia, but SLASH also play a few song from Guns and Roses

He is looks fatter than past years isn't it? But SLASH still rock the stage. He's skill is awesome, SLASH could play melody with high speed.

In this concert, SLASH also brings Miles Kenedy (Alter Bridge Vocalist) to become his vocalist on the concert.

a few rock star like Sandy Pas Band, Kaka Slank, Andy Rif etc. also contribute on SLASH concert in Indonesia. They are perform as a opening band and they plays music so awesome.

A Small Note About Tsuki, am I right?

2010-07-16T01:38:00.000-07:00

A few days ago, I was curious at a Yahoo Messenger's account from my smart student Amelia. Amelia has a short name Amelia_Tsuki, I wondered who exactly was Tsuki?. As usual, I find out the information on the internet. After a few minutes, finally I found a little note about Tsuki. A small note about "Rabbit in the Moon", have a nice time to read this simple article.

When I started reading stories about Tsuki, I remember with a Japanese cartoon movie titled "Sailormoon". The main actors of "Sailormoon" is a girl who has the name Usagi Tsukino (in Japanese read Tsukino Usagi). I just realized that the Usagi always have items with pictures of rabbits, it was because Usagi is a rabbit in Japanese.

Usagi Tsukino is an ordinary girl before she was given the power to be Sailormoon. And as Sailormoon, she and the other sailor friends struggled to defend the truth, with the power of the moon. The famous words of Usagi / Sailormoon is "By the power of the moon, will punish you!".

At the end of the story, Sailormoon transformed into Princess Serenity (eventually became Queen Serenity), daughter of the Kingdom of the Moon. For information, Serenity is the name of the largest lakes on the Moon.

As shown, the name and location of characters in this story are related. The family name is Usagi Tsuki (Moon), he is a Sailormoon, and transformed into Princess Serenity. So what to do with Usagi (rabbit)? This question actually has arisen in my mind ten years ago, and I immediately knew the answer given by a friend.

Usagi's name is Tsukino Usagi. If we ignore the form of the kanji letters (frankly, I do not know how the form of starch from Tsukino Usagi) we will see a fragment of the word Tsuki no Usagi, or, if interpreted in Bahasa Indonesian to Rabbit Moon. Japanese people always see the RABBIT in MONTHS. Do not believe? please you see for yourself!. I've included pictures so you can look at the moon closely to find a rabbit in there.

When the Japanese see a rabbit in the moon, the Maduraneese to see a widow who was sewing in there. The widow is a mother who abandoned her child, her mother missed her son so he decided to look for her son. However, although the mother is looking for it everywhere, her son never found. Finally, he decided to sit down and sew on the moon, waiting for his son saw it and returned home to her.

Indeed cultural differences lead to differences in circulating myths. However, it does not matter as long as we can understand the moral message brought by the myths it.

Well ... now I say, "good-looking rabbit and a widow who was sewing in the month.

Note small and light to answer the curiosity of a small name Amelia_Tsuki. Was this article is correct?
Distance Learning Business and Management

Kuta Beach in Bali Island of Indonesia

2010-07-14T02:28:00.000-07:00

Indonesia is famous for the beautiful and exotic tourism. There are many beautiful places in Indonesia, one of which is Kuta Beach in Bali. This beach is very beautiful and wonderful, this beach is very famous all over the world. The beach has beautiful scenery that makes people want to bask in the sun to see the sunset

Kuta Beach is a tourist spot located in the south of Denpasar, the capital of Bali, Indonesia. Kuta is located in Badung Regency. This area is a tourist destination abroad, and has been a mainstay of Bali as a tourist attraction since the early 70s. Kuta Beach is often referred to as sunset beach (sunset beach) as opposed to the Sanur beach.

In Kuta there are many shops, restaurants and washing and drying themselves. Besides the beauty of its beach, Kuta beach also offers various other types of entertainment such as bars and restaurants along the beach to Legian beach. Rosovivo, Ocean Beach Club, Kamasutra, are some of the most crowded clubs along the beach of Kuta.

This beach also has a pretty good waves for surfing sports (surfing), especially for beginner surfers. Field I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport is located not far from Kuta. I strongly encourage you to come to Bali, Indonesia Kuta Beach, enjoy the beautiful scenery created by God, and a friendly community.

MDGs and Poverty in Indonesia

2010-07-14T02:07:00.000-07:00

MDGs and Poverty in Indonesia
Today poverty is not just a problem in that country but has become the world's problems. Manifestation of concern for the world to poverty is the existence of the MDGs or the Millennium Development Goals, UN members agreed five years ago in a global summit which gave birth to the Millennium Declaration. Ie, a global initiative to reduce the number of poor people in the world a half in 2015.

MDGs have eight goals (goal) and 18 targets to be achieved by developing countries and developed countries. On September 4 to 16, 2005 the leaders of countries and thousands of civil society gathered at UN headquarters to attend the 60th General Session of the UN. This court has a special meaning for not just talking about the UN reform package, but also evaluate the implementation of the MDGs five years. Based on the HDR 2005, 50 countries with a population of 900 million failed to reach the MDGs. Of that amount, as many as 24 countries are in Sub-Saharan countries and Africa, while 65 other countries had failed to reach one MDG until 2040. according to the report, which bumps the achievement of MDGs is a gap occurring at the global level and within countries. Poverty reduction efforts will not be effective if the problem of poverty itself is not properly understood by policy makers.

What about the state of poverty in Indonesia related to the MDGs? The Indonesian nation has succeeded in reducing poverty levels initially increased as the impact of economic crisis in 1999. Total population under national poverty line fell from 23.4% in 1999 to 16.6% in 2004. Meanwhile, the number of residents based on income standards of less than one U.S. dollar per day also decreased from 9.2% in 2001 to 7.2% in 2002. Decrease in the number of poor people showed a positive trend, because of the efforts and cooperation of all stakeholders and the partisanship of the poor in the development implementation in Indonesia.

Problem of poverty in Indonesia was marked by low quality of life of the community as shown by the human development index (HDI) of Indonesia. In between some ASEAN countries, Indonesia is still lower than Malaysia and Thailand. Meanwhile, the human poverty index (HPI) is higher than the Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand.

Poverty reduction is the main priority of national development policy which is also a priority of Medium Term Development Plan (Medium Term Development Plan) 2004-2009 which is expected to reduce the percentage of poor people to 8.2% in 2009. The government is currently doing steps first priority in the short term to reduce the gap between regions with some policies. First, the provision of irrigation facilities, safe water and basic sanitation, especially in the areas of scarce water resources. Second, the construction of roads, bridges and docks, especially for isolated and backward regions. Third, the redistribution of financial resources to regions that have low incomes and the instrument specific allocation fund (DAK).

The second long-term aim to expand employment opportunities and trying. That is done through the help of stimulants for venture capital funds mainly through easy access to micro and SME credit, job skills training to improve the quality of labor, increase investment and revitalization of the industry including labor-intensive industries, construction of facilities and infrastructure.

The third long-term, exclusively for fulfilling the basic rights of poor people are directly provided services, among others, by providing free education for the completion of nine-year compulsory education. To improve access and expand learning opportunities for all age children basic education, with the main target areas and the poor, remote and isolated the 2005/2006 school year the government began providing school operating costs (BOS), as a first step the implementation of free basic education.

It also provides free health care insurance for the poor in health centers and hospital grade III. With the enactment of Law No.40 of 2004 on National Social Security System, then efforts to increase access for the poor to health services be continued and further enhanced through the efforts of health care systems of poor people with health insurance that the premium paid by the government.

For the implementation of these programs, Indonesia (as a developing country) could ask for help from abroad. But developing country recipient of the facility itself must be committed to using the money correctly. Macro objectives of reducing poverty. We hope developed countries can support the unity of these programs, with the aid disbursed.

As once said Trade Minister Mari Elka Pangestu, Indonesia's poverty reduction programs can also be done in other ways. Investment and infrastructure development are the two things needed in the creation of labor which can ultimately solve the problem of poverty. Each area needs investment and infrastructure types are different. This is what should be regulated and government thinking.

In addition, the cultural development in Indonesia should be developed through community empowerment and active community involvements. Primarily, of course, poor communities, ranging from well development program planning and policy determination of the budget, and program implementation and monitoring and evaluation.

Source:
Laila Nadjmi
The writer is a graduate student FKM
Indonesian Universities
Published in els.bappenas.go.id accessed on July 14, 2010

Secrets of Starting Your Own Businesses

2010-07-14T01:57:00.000-07:00

Science will care for us, while money may not be able to keep us, that's the message our parents first. Whether any of these skills, which obviously you have to have it. You will be more useful and appreciated by society because they have expertise.

As a simple example, if you master computer then you can empower your abilities and skills, not just to survive, but possibly as a permanent business opportunity or home business that you can develop and you can even inheritance to their children and grandchildren someday. Home business opportunity, why not? But at least you will not be a problem for anyone, let alone expect any help from such countries as the crisis hit in 1998, where the government is forced to create a social safety net policies which as we all know, the edges become sources of corruption the people who irresponsible.

Okay if you just think this is now making home business opportunities are limited in order to survive and to remain productive while looking for business opportunities or a career in one company that you think suits your interests and skills you possess. Business opportunities that you can do based on your ability in the field of computers is with a private tutor to various schools, institutions, companies or individuals. Your ability in a particular subject you can also take advantage of a small capital home-based opportunities. Moreover, you have mastered a subject which is generally considered difficult. It is also an opportunity and a small capital business opportunities. Being a small capital home-based business tentor subjects Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, music, computer and English is required. Please feel free to learn and open it again when school textbook first. Being tentor also not much need of capital. The most crucial for you have is a communication tool that can be reached wherever you are. Besides, with a small capital you have, you certainly have to prepare the syllabus and curriculum may also be in accordance with the needs of your customers.

Then how do I attract customers your home business? There may be a good idea to contact someone you know well from the school / college, start a blog and put an ad there, put an ad in a certain daily newspaper. Spread the brochure to the school, institution, or company. In a strategy to develop housing opportunities small capital, you can also put flyers in stores, food stalls, public announcements walls, and so forth. Create a need, people will not be needed if you do not even advertise it with just a small capital.

When you get a good response, it is not likely you'll be able to provide home-based business opportunities small capital to your colleagues who are also experiencing the same problem with you. Therefore, in this small capital businesses create a network that will be very beneficial for you and your colleagues. This simple example, if you are asked to give lessons in the hours that conflict with your schedule, then you can deliver Tell someone is available at the time. Thus, with prior agreement of course, you can get the fee from your colleagues. That means as a kind of cooperation mutually beneficial symbiosis or mutual ism as a term in the field of Biology. But it would be great for thinking like this; remember a wise messages; reap what you sow.
That's all for this time, I will continue the lessons about Distance Learning Business and Management next time

Kujang, Traditional and Unique Weapon From West Java Indonesia

2010-07-14T01:46:00.000-07:00

Kujang is a unique weapon of the West Java Indonesia. Kujang was Start made around the 8th century or the ninth, made of iron, steel prestige and material, length approximately 20 to 25 cm and weighs about 300 grams.
Kujang is a typical weapon Sunda. Replication of Kujang is in Bogor city monuments

Kujang is a tool that reflects the critical acumen and power in life also symbolizes strength and courage to protect the rights and truth. Characterizes both as weapons, farm tools, symbol, ornament, or souvenirs.

In ancient times this tool is only used by certain groups of kings, king anom, class pangiwa, panengen, religious groups, the princess and certain women's groups, and the kokolot (the old person).

Wayang Golek (Indonesian's wooden doll puppets)

2010-07-14T01:32:00.000-07:00

On occasion now, I will discuss and share information about the Wayang Golek as an original Indonesian art and culture. As a citizen of Indonesia, I really admire the philosophy of stories that exist in each of the Wayang Golek show performances. Dalang is a person who plays each of the characters and stories in a Wayang Golek show. One of the famous Dalang from West Java is Asep Sunandar Sunarya.
Wayang golek are wooden doll puppets that are operated from below by rods connected to the hands and a central control rod that runs through the body to the head. The simple construction of the puppets belies their versatility, expressiveness and aptitude for imitating human dance. Little is known for certain about the history of wayang golek, but scholars have speculated that it most likely originated in China and arrived in Java sometime in the 17th century. Some of the oldest traditions of wayang golek are from the north coast of Java in what is called the pasisir region. This is home to some of the oldest Muslim kingdoms in Java and it is likely the wayang golek grew in popularity through telling the wayang menak stories of Amir Hamza, the uncle of Muhammad. These stories are still widely performed in Kabumen, Tegal, and Jepara as wayang golek menak, and in Cirebon, wayang golek cepak. Legendary origins of wayang golek attribute their invention to the Muslim saint Wali Sunan Kudus, who used the medium to proselytize Muslim values. In the 18th century the tradition moved into the mountains of West Java where it eventually was used to tell stories of the Ramayana and the Mahabarata in a tradition now called wayang golek purwa, which can be found in Bandung, Bogor and Jakarta. Wayang golek purwa has become the most popular form of wayang golek today and the most famous puppeteer family is the Sunarya family which has produced several generations of stellar performers.
Refference: Wikipedia

Vacancies on Furnimart

2010-07-13T19:39:00.000-07:00

We are a company that is engaged in the furniture retail outlets nationwide with the largest network. Currently our company is growing and requires potential candidates to fill positions that are needed as follows:

ACCOUNTING STAFF / SUPERVISOR:
Male; Age Max 28 years for staff levels and Max 30 years for level supervisor; Education Min D3 Accounting (Staff) and Min S1 Accounting (Supervisor); Semester end or Fresh Graduate or Min 1 year experience in their field (staff) and Min 2 years (supervisor); Strong problem solving and decision making related to system / accounting processes; Communicative, have good analytical skills, detail oriented; Having a personality is active, dynamic and able to foster good interpersonal relationships; Able to work under pressure and handle multi-task; Having alacrity in accomplishing tasks; Placement in Bogor, Bekasi, Tangerang, Bandung, Semarang, Yogyakarta, East Java.

STORE HEAD:
Male / Female, Max Age 30 Years; Education Minimal D3 for all majors; Own Life Entrepreneurship & Leadership; Target oriented; Store or Sales Experience managing at least one year; Having knowledge of the daily operations of the store with both; Placement in Bogor, Tangerang, Bekasi; Bandung, Semarang, Yogyakarta, East Java

SPG / SPM
Male / Female, age max 22 th; min Senior High School Education; Communicative and able to work together in teams; Target Oriented; Placement in Bogor, Bekasi, Tangerang, Bandung, Semarang, Yogyakarta, East Java

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF
Female; Age max 25 th; Pend min SLTA; Able to operate Ms.. Office (Excel & Word); Research; Communicative and Sufficiency; Placement in Bogor, Bekasi, Tangerang, Bandung, Semarang, Yogyakarta, East Java

Send complete application letter, CV, Diploma and recent photo to:

PT Furnimart Mebelindo Sakti
Gd. Olympic Pajajaran Lt.3
Jl. Bogor No.38 Pajajaran 16 153

Email: pusatrekrutmen@gmail.com

Or collected to the student departments of STIE Dewantara

For further informations, please download these two files below:
"Surat Pengantar"
"Informasi Lengkap"

History of Jaipongan Dance from West Java, Indonesia

2010-07-09T02:46:00.000-07:00

History of Jaipongan Dance from West Java, Indonesia

Jaipongan is a genre of dance that was born from the creativity of an artist from Bandung, Gugum Gumbira. His attention to folk art that one of them is making Tilu Tap right to know and recognize motion patterns perbendaharan dance traditions that existed at Kliningan / Bajidoran or Tap Tilu. Opening gestures, pencugan, nibakeun and several kinds of motion of several arts mincid above have enough inspiration to develop the dance or the arts that is now known by the name Jaipongan.

Prior to this performing art forms emerged, there was some influence behind the dance form this association. In West Java, for example, is the influence of social dance Ball Room, which is usually in a dance-dance association could not be separated from existence and pamogoran ronggeng. Ronggeng in social dance is no longer functioning for ceremonial events, but for entertainment or a way of hanging out. Ronggeng existence in the performing arts attraction that invites sympathy for the pamogoran. For example on Tilu Tap dance is so well known by the Sundanese people, it is estimated this art popular around the year 1916. As the folk performing arts, this art is only supported by simple elements, such as waditra that includes fiddle, drums, two kulanter, three percussion, and gongs. Similarly tarinya motions that do not have a standard pattern of motion, simple costumes dancer as a reflection of democracy.

Along with the waning of the above art forms, the former pamogoran (audience who actively participate in the performing arts Tap Tilu / Doger / Tayub) switched his attention on the performing arts Kliningan, which in the North Coast region of West Java (Karawang, Bekasi, Purwakarta, Indramayu, and Subang ) known as Kliningan Bajidoran tarinya patterns or events that the show has some similarities with the previous art (Tap Tilu / Doger / Tayub). In the meantime, the existence of mask dances in Banjet quite popular, particularly in Donegal, where several motion patterns Bajidoran taken from the dance in this Banjet Mask. In koreografis dance is still reveals patterns tradition (Tap Tilu) which contain elements of the opening gestures, pencugan, and several kinds of motion nibakeun mincid which in turn become the basis Jaipongan dance creation. Some basic motions other than Tap dance Jaipongan Tilu, Ibing Bajidor and Mask Banjet is Tayuban and Pencak Silat.

The emergence of dance works Gumbira Gugum initially called Tap Tilu developments, which are due to basic dance was developed from Tilu Tap. The first work Gugum Gumbira still very thick with color ibing Tilu Tap, both in terms of choreography and iringannya, who later became a popular dance called Jaipongan.
Jaipongan works first began to be known by the public is dance "Leaves Pulus Keser Bojong" and "Rendeng Bojong" both of which are types of dance and dance partner's daughter (son and daughter). From it emerged a few dance dancer Jaipongan a reliable name like Tati Saleh, Yeti Mamat, Eli Somali, and Pepen Dedi Kurniadi. Early emergence of these dances could be discussion, the central issue is the erotic and vulgar movements. But from the few print media exposure, starting Gumbira Gugum known to the public, especially after the dance Jaipongan in 1980 staged at the central station TVRI Jakarta. The impact of the popularity of the more increase the frequency of performances, either on television, the celebration and feasts were held by the private sector and government.

Attendance Jaipongan substantial contribution to the activist art of dance for more active types of folk dances that explore previously less attention. With the emergence of dance Jaipongan, used by activists to hold a dance art dance classes Jaipongan, also used by employers as pubs, night-killer invited guests, where the further development of this kind of business opportunities created by actuators business of dance as an economic empowerment Dance Studio's name or groups in some areas of West Java, for example in Subang with Jaipongan style "kaleran" (north).

Jaipongan characteristic style kaleran, namely the fun, erotic, humorous, excitement, spontaneity, and simplicity (naturally, whatever they are). This is reflected in the pattern of presentation of dance on the show, there is a given pattern (Pattern Ibing) as in art Jaipongan in Bandung, also there are also dances that are not cut is (Ibing Saka), for example in art Jaipongan Subang and Karawang. This term can be found in Jaipongan kaleran style, especially in the area of Subang. In its presentation, this kaleran Jaipongan style, as follows: 1) Tatalu; 2) Flower Bluebird; 3) Fruit kawung Gopar; 4) Dance Opening (Ibing Pattern), usually sung by a single dancer or Sinden Tatandakan (sinden attack but can not sing but dance songs sinden / interpreter kawih) 5) Jeblokan and Jabanan, when the show is part of the audience (bajidor) sawer money (jabanan) while greeting stickers. Jeblokan term is defined as couples who settled between sinden and the audience (bajidor).

A further development occurred in taahun dance Jaipongan 1980-1990's, where Gugum Gumbira create other dances such as Toka-toka, Setra Sari, Sonteng, Pencug, Egret dazed, convoy, procession Codiaeum variegatum Leaves, Rawayan, and Dance kawung Anten. From these dances appeared several dancers Jaipongan reliable among others Iceu Effendi, Yumiati Mandiri, Miming Mintarsih, Nani, Erna, Mira Tejaningrum, Ine Dinar, Ega, Nuni, Cepy, Agah, Aa Suryabrata, and Asep.

This adult dance Jaipongan quotable as one identity keseniaan West Java, this is apparent on several important events relating to visitors from foreign countries who came to West Java, it was greeted with a dance performance Jaipongan. Similarly, art missions to foreign countries, always equipped with Jaipongan dance. Dance Jaipongan many other art-influenced art in the West Java communities, both in the performing arts, puppets, gamelan, Genjring / flying, Kacapi jaipongan, and almost all public performances as well as on modern dangdut music which is collaborated with the art Jaipong Pong-Dut. Jaipongan has diplopori by Mr. Nur & Leni

Reference: Ganjar Kurnia. 2003. Description of the West Javanese art. Department of Culture & Tourism in West Java, Bandung.

History of Batik in Indonesia

2010-07-09T01:51:00.000-07:00

History of batik in Indonesia closely associated with the development and dissemination of Majapahit kingdom in Java to Islam. In some entries, the development of batik many times do the Mataram kingdom, then the kingdom of Solo and Yogyakarta.

So the arts of batik in Indonesia has been known since the time of Majapahit kingdom and continue to grow the government and the subsequent kings. Batik art in general to be widespread in Indonesia and in particular the Java quarter after the end of the century or the beginning of XVIII-XIX century.

However, batik technique itself has been known for decades (Millennium), probably derived from ancient Egyptian or Sumerian. It is widespread in several West African countries like Nigeria, Cameroon and Mali, or in Asia, like India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Iran, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.

Batik is all hand-produced until the early XX century and printed batik new only known after the First World War ended or around the year 1920.

Batik art is art photos on fabric for clothes as one of the kings of the family culture of Indonesia first time. Initially the activities of making batik is limited in the Kingdom and it is only produced for the clothes of the king and his chiefs. Because many of the speakers live outside the Kingdom, the art of batik was brought by them out of the kingdom and also created their own place.

Old-old art of batik is imitated by the masses and became more widespread employment of women in their families to fill my free time.

Among the materials used are tediri dye from plants in Indonesia, among others, made their own from: noni tree, height, Soga, Nila, and materials made from soda ash sodanya, as well as salt made from clay mud.

Article Source: Wikipedia

Relations with the Occupational Safety and Health Employees' Productivity

2010-07-06T19:01:00.000-07:00

An increasingly competitive business world requires that every company high to optimize all of its resources in order to provide products or services with high quality. Quality of products produced by a company closely linked to human resource factors which are owned by a company. Production factors contained in the company of such capital, machinery and materials can provide benefits if it has been processed human resources. Human resources as labor can not be separated from a variety of issues concerning safety and health at work.
A study conducted by the world body the International Labour Organization (ILO) concluded that on average each day 6,000 people died, this is equal to one staff person every 15 seconds or 2.2 million people every year due to illness or accident associated with their work. Views of gender, it is known that the number of men who died two times more than women, this is more due to more dominant men in high-risk job.
Thus, the occupational safety and health program (K3) and the productivity of employees has become very important to be studied and understood, because both factors have an influence on the productivity of the company in achieving its vision and mission objectives that have been determined.

Results of research has been done to the conclusion that:
In general, the implementation of K3 in companies which is the object of research is fair, indicating that these factors are analyzed namely K3 safety training, safety publications, working environment control, supervision and discipline, and increased awareness of K3, has been satisfactory.
It is generally recognized that employee productivity is fair, meaning that employees have a high employee productivity
There is a positive, highly significant and high correlation between safety and health of employees working with the productivity

The Spirit of Entrepreneurship

2010-07-06T03:29:00.000-07:00

Most basic capital to entrepreneurs is the determination and courage to take and calculate risk. Without this, given the capital amounted to anything, will never become an entrepreneur. If we had such courage, we gave a chance how to manage a business well
This sentence made by Mr. Handito Joewono, Chairman of the Standing Committee of Education, Training, and Internships in the live event Kadin Indonesia Metro TV Special cooperation Higher Education Dialogue. Also featured as speakers in this event: Director General of Higher Education, Mr. Jalal and Mr. Agus Fasli Windarto, Lecturer of ITS.
According to Mr. Anggito to see the enthusiasm of the Indonesian students are actively involved in creating and displaying the best proposal to compete in the entrepreneurship program developed by the Higher Education student, convinces us that a lot of businessmen who will.
"Moreover, this is a model of knowledge-based entrepreneurship and creativity. Ideas into their capital and money is only a bridge just said Mr. Agus Windarto.
It was nearly ten thousand students involved in student entrepreneurship package Dikti. This means that packets are competitive and it is estimated one in fifteen.
Mr Fasli said student entrepreneurship program that was started by the Higher Education is in the context of giving experiences and calculate the courage to take risks. "This also is in order to ensure fulfillment of the requirement of two years entrepreneurial experience, to gain regular access to capital" added the Mr. Fasli
Students have a clear plan, so that the business grows and funds continue to roll. To ensure sustainability, according to Director General there are colleges that put stock in an effort initiated by students. Some make one model, that for which it is successful will return the money into one place outside of government funds and used to help other students.
After two years of trying to do and develops according to the Director General will open the possibility of access to banking. "Bank Indonesia in some areas have been asked to banking circles that the 40 million packages entrepreneurship received by a team of entrepreneurial students can be assessed as 30 per cent equity. If running the banking business could come in with 70 per cent of shares of capital ".

Source: Dikti, accessed on July, 6, 2010

"Puncak" Regional Tourism in Bogor Indonesia

2010-07-05T19:01:00.000-07:00

"Puncak " (in English it means Peak) is the name of a mountainous tourist area belonging to the region Bogor Regency and Cianjur Regency. This area is already very popular for tourists both domestic and foreign wiasatawan. This area is known as a resort town Jakarta and as a regional tea garden built by the colonial government Netherlands. President stunning beauty of this area Soekarno, so he built a restaurant to enjoy the natural beauty of the Peak, who later named Restaurant Riung Mt.

In addition, there are also places for recreation and agro tourism are wonderful, including Mount Mas and hang gliding (paragliding). "Puncak" (Peak) area there are also many interesting places such as Safari Park (Taman Safari Indonesia), Flower Garden, and there is a beautiful mosque with a distinctive architecture that is simple and Atta'awun Mosque. In this area there are also lots of villas and hotels owned by local people to place visitors.

How To Open Microsoft Office 2003 on Microsoft Office 2007

2010-07-05T03:47:00.000-07:00

Today, Microsoft Office 2007 has been widely used, both among individuals and organizations. However, not a few users who still use Microsoft Office 2003 version with a variety of reasons. In general, the reason people are still using version 2003 is due to the 2007 version of the view that has a different view with the version of 2003, so that (probably) make it difficult for those who have been accustomed to using version 2003.
Problems is the 2007 version of Microsoft Office files can not be opened in the 2003 version, as it is known that in 2007 extensionnya version added "x" as docx (Word), PPTX (PowerPoint), xlsx (excel).
Alhamdulillah .. from internet search results I found a converter software that can make Microsoft Word version 2007 files can be opened in Microsoft Word version 2003.

The tricks are:

* Download the converter software that I prepare through Ziddu hosting, please click here
* Install the program
* Re-start your computer
* Open your Microsoft Word 2003
* In Microsoft Word 2003 window, you click File-> Open
* For files of type, select All Files, then select File in Word 2007 that you will open.
* Click open .. Insya Allah Word 2007 files can be opened in Word 2003 version
* Consider the following image :

(see that given a red circle)

I hope this article can be useful
Best Regards Budi Setiawan The Publisher of Diktat Kuliah Manajemen

Simple Linier Regression

2010-07-05T03:34:00.000-07:00

A. Introduction
Regression is a measuring instrument which can also be used to measure whether there is any correlation. If we have two or more variables It is only fitting if we want to study how these variables are related or can be foreseen.

Regression analysis to investigate the relationship obtained is expressed in mathematical equations that express the functional relationship between the variables. The functional relationship between one predictor variable with a single criterion variable is called a simple regression analysis (single), while the functional relationship that is more than one variable is called multiple regression analysis.

The term regression (forecast / estimate) was first introduced by Sir Francis Galton in 1877 in connection with research on human height, namely the high child and high between her parents. In his research Galton found that children of parents high high tend to increase or decrease from the average population weight. Line showing the relationship is called the regression line.

Regression analysis was more accurate in analyzing the correlation, because the analysis was the difficulty in showing Slop (rate of change of a variable against another can be determined). Thus, through regression analysis, forecasting the value of the dependent variable in a more accurate value of the independent variables as well.

B. Linear Regression equation of Y on X
Linear regression equation of Y on X defined as follows:

Y = a + b X

Description:

Y = dependent variable
X = independent variable
a = intercept
b = regression coefficient / Slop

In the above equation, the value of a and b can be determined in the following manner:

Examples of simple regression exercise

Below are the data and work experience of eight sales turnover of marketing at Bang Toyib company

Question:

1. Determine the value of a and b!
2. Make a regression line equation!
3. What is the estimated sales turnover of a marketing that have 3.5 years work experience?

Completion:

Answered:

value a = 3.25 and b = 1.25
The linear regression equation is

Y = a + bX
= 3.25 + 1.25 X

Predictive value of Y, if X = 3.5

Y = a + bX
= 3.25 + 1.25 X
= 3.25 + 1.25 (3.5)
= 7.625
Thus "Learning and Sharing" us this time .. Thanks

Customer-Focused E-Learning: The Industry

2010-06-24T03:25:00.000-07:00

Customer-Focused E-Learning: The Industry.

Everybody's doing it.

The culinary magazine Cook's Illustrated has it. So does the consumer
software site CodeWarrior.com. Barnes & Noble announced that it
will add it to its B&N.com subsidiary later this year. And
numerous other Web retailers are adding it to their Websites.

It is e-learning with a new purpose: to educate customers and keep
them coming back. With the Internet's readymade distribution platform,
sophisticated implementation software, and growing libraries of
content, companies from a variety of sectors are targeting not only
their own employees but also their customers with e-learning
offerings. Large IT vendors have pioneered approaches to
customer-focused e-learning and have the revenue streams to prove it.
Now other industries are in the hunt to turn e-learning into a
marketing tool and revenue producer.

Companies are turning to customer-focused e-learning for a variety of
reasons: to fill a needed support role, to provide a service that
competitors don't have, to "incentivize" potential customers, to add a
new revenue stream. In every case, the business model behind such
customer-focused e-learning positions training as a value-added
service rather than an HR cost center.

Web retailers--e-tailers--are the newest and most visible
practitioners of this customer-focused e-learning approach, but it's
also being applied with equal vigor in the business-to-business
market. Whatever their market, the companies that are pursuing the new
model are cutting-edge practitioners of e- business.

"We're at a point where we can almost say--and I emphasize
'almost'--that e-business requires e-learning," says Clark Aldrich, an
e-learning industry trendspotter and senior market analyst with
GartnerGroup, Stamford, Connecticut. "Where e-business is today,
e-learning will surely follow."

Aldrich has been tracking the groundswell towards CFEL and the forces
driving organizations to pursue it (see "Customer-Focused E-Learning:
The Drivers" by Clark Aldrich in this issue). Information technology
companies started the trend--they were all but forced to move into
customer training to help customers use their products--and Aldrich
sees numerous parallels to the IT industry's bellwether embrace of
e-learning in the mid 1990s.

"We're following the same path [toward CFEL] that we saw in adoption
of e-learning in general," says Aldrich. IT companies (both hardware
and software) have been first to develop CFEL models, and other
industries with complex offerings, such as pharmaceutical companies
and financial services firms, are hot on their heels.

A key difference this time around, according to Aldrich, is the
emergence of e-learning that targets consumers and free e-learning
offerings, both made possible by the low recurring costs once an
infrastructure and content are in place. There's no telling how such
offerings will reshape the way e-learning is conceived and implemented
by organizations, Aldrich says, but it bolsters the now-famous line
uttered by Cisco CEO John Chambers that e-learning will grow so large
as to make email use "look like a rounding error."

Lessons from IT

IT giant Sun Microsystems probably didn't expect that training
customers would become a core component of its business or a
double-digit addition to its revenues. But the company, ranked among
the top 10 IT training providers in a recent IDC study, has learned
that training end-users and third-party integrators on the use of its
programming languages and back-office applications is vital to making
its products sell.

"It's both a strategic and profit-loss component of our business,"
says Mark Schietinger, manager of Sun's year-old Web Learning Center.
"The more people trained on Sun technology, the more successful we'll
be in the marketplace."

Sun is in the midst of augmenting its customer training operation with
e-learning, and the Web Learning Center is the core of that effort. In
June, the company began rolling out e-learning courses to 17
countries, where business customers can tap into Web-based training
content covering Sun's various programming platforms.

Sun isn't about to throw out a 200-facility bricks-and-mortar training
infrastructure in the rush to embrace e-learning, cautions
Schietinger. But like other companies, Sun is feeling pressure from
customers for the fast-delivered, low-cost value proposition that
e-learning can offer.

"The one major driver is speeding time to results," says Schietinger
of the new offering. "Five years ago, a business didn't have to
measure employee competencies based on Internet time."

Sun, Microsoft, Cisco, and other IT powerhouses have all built
elaborate CFEL programs that offer a combination of instructor-led
training, e-learning, and certification programs to business customers
and free agent learners. Though they started with their business
customers, who remain the core audience, many companies have begun
wooing individual consumers with e-learning options and e - commerce
-enabled Websites. Sun has been bullet-proofing the
business-to-consumer capabilities of its Learning Center, which lets
anyone in the United States with a credit card sign up for an
assortment of asynchronous Web-based courses. It will soon roll out
B2C capabilities in Canada and the United Kingdom.

Smaller software developers have seen the success of their larger
brethren and are following suit with e-learning offerings that target
the end users of their technology. Clarify e-Business Applications, a
subsidiary of Nortel Networks, exemplifies the trend. In May, the
Wayland, Massachusetts-based company announced that it will create
end-user e-learning on its customer relationship management
applications, with the help of e-learning developer Knowledge Impact.
Carol Shaffer, Clarify's worldwide director of learning, says the
decision to create the offering was driven by strategic concerns.

"It's a differentiator that sets us apart from competitors, and it
adds significant value to our product suite," says Shaffer. "We're
also answering a significant need for this kind of end-user support."
Previously, Shaffer's staff would train its customers' system
administrators on using the CRM tools, but customers were on their own
as far as training rank-and-file employees. "It represented another
hurdle for them," she says.

The new end-user e-learning, which will be included as part of the
package sold to Clarify's customers, includes task-based support,
simulation-based training, and an info-web of resources. The
e-learning will be updated with each upgrade to Clarify's CRM
applications, thanks to a tight relationship with Knowledge Impact
that includes "an almost continuous presence" of KI staff in-house at
Clarify, says Shaffer. The e-learning is developed in tandem with
Clarify's software applications to eliminate any lag time in its
release. The e-learning can also be customized by KI to match the
customer's application and business processes.

IT service providers are also rolling out CFEL offerings. EMC, a
fast-growing provider of information storage services, has a
well-developed classroom training operation for customers on managing
data. In May, it announced a new initiative that includes development
of e-learning courses made available to employees and customers
worldwide. EMC will deploy its e-learning in 37 countries using a
delivery platform and services from e-learning provider Saba.

Enterprise application developers such as SAP, PeopleSoft, and Baan
have also built sophisticated training operations to help customers
use their products. SAP has moved into e-learning with MySAP.com and a
recent investment stake in synchronous e-learning platform developer
InterWise, which is offering synchronous e-learning classes on the use
of SAP (see the June installment of Newsbytes at
www.learningcircuits.org for the full story).

These software-related CFEL offerings will become mandatory as
business customers come to expect e-learning when they buy IT products
and services, analysts predict. The same dynamic is behind the growth
of CFEL in areas outside of IT, in which product sophistication begs
for training to help customers and to entice prospects. One example is
financial services, in which brokerages vie for business from brokers,
other financial professionals, and individual investors. Charles
Schwab & Company was first to capitalize on the need for investor
education by providing e-learning services to customers. Now, Fidelity
Investments and others are also developing customer e-learning
offerings. Recently, Fidelity announced a contract with Eloquent, a
provider of streaming mediabased communications tools, to give product
information and e-learning to its network of brokers. Fidelity
spokesperson Peter Lynch (who wrote the classic Beating the Street) is
seen talking up the company's distance learning on TV commercials, ill
ustrating how e-learning is being leveraged as a marketing tool.

Pure providers

Financial services is among several areas outside of IT to target
individual consumers. As consumers shop for products and services over
the Web, they will become the next major target of e-learning
offerings by retailers and service providers looking to distinguish
themselves, say market researchers. A handful of providers that
specialize in creating bolt-on CFEL capabilities for Web retailers is
betting that the trend is nigh.

LearningBrands.com isn't a training provider in the traditional sense.
Its core philosophy is "brands should teach," and employee training
isn't part of its stump pitch. The Boston-based company says that it
functions as an invisible partner in allowing e-tailers to augment
their Websites with e-learning.

"If you don't teach your customers, your competitors will," the
company's Website warns. Launched only last November, LearningBrands
secured $5.5 million in venture capital in May to pursue its vision.

"Companies haven't been able to do this before the advent of the Web,
but now there's a critical mass of people to make this work," says
Seppy Basili, executive vice president of content at LearningBrands.
Formerly a manager with testing services provider Kaplan and a
Newsweek editor, Basili now oversees a team of e-learning content
creators for clients that will promote their brands and knowledge
leadership over those of competitors.

"We strive to match a client's voice and tone," says Basili of the
CFEL services it has developed for computersoftware Website CNET and
other clients. "In some cases, we're adapting their existing content.
In others, we're creating it from scratch." The content, together with
various communications tools, resources, and functions such as Ask an
Expert, are tied together as part of the SmartPlatform that
LearningBrands customizes for each client.

LearningBrands isn't alone as a pure CFEL provider. It has a
formidable competitor in the form of notHarvard.com, which recently
agreed to provide e-learning to customers of Barnes & Noble.com in
exchange for an equity stake. Fully $26 million was raised as part of
notHarvard.com's second round of venture funding. The company has
coined its own term-educommerce--to describe its offering and has
created CFEL component sites for the Websites of clients including
Motorola/Metrowerks (codewarrior.com), Pervasive Software, and
TalkCity.

"We consider distance learning as a natural extension of Barnes &
Noble.com's core business," says vice chairman Steve Riggio, in
announcing the deal with notHarvard.

Basili stresses technical differences between the competing systems.
For instance, LearningBrands's platform features an adaptive learning
system that gauges a learner's skills and knowledge through a series
of introductory questions and tailors choices accordingly. The result
is more relevant learning and greater site stickiness, which enhance a
customer's allegiance to a company and its brands, says Basili.

"You can get away with a lot if you're training a captive audience of
employees and convenience and ease-of-use aren't as critical," he
says. "For consumers and a company's brand, it's critical."

The B2C niche that LearningBrands and notHarvard are exploiting
includes B2C learning portals such as Hungry Minds, MySmartForce, and
SmartPlanet that seek revenue from direct sales to consumers. But
those sites differ in that they offer generic content rather than
elearning content related to a company and its brand, Basili notes.

National retailers are also getting into the act. The Home Depot has
been steadily adding how-to tutorials to its Website, which serves as
its CFEL portal (the company doesn't sell directly to consumers over
the Web). Staples office supplies is said to be investigating options
for creating a CFEL offering.

Going outside the firewalls

Corporate-oriented e-learning providers are adapting quickly to the
new business model posed by CFEL. Saba was among the first to position
e-learning as a tool for the extended enterprise, and says that its
e-learning platform is designed to enable organizations to push
e-learning outside their firewalls.
"We're even more bullish on the trend than we were a few years ago,"
says David Martin, Saba's vice president of marketing . More than half
of Saba's customers are using its LMS platform to train customers or
partners outside of their firewalls. Martin points to a recent B2C
e-learning offering by Techies.com, which runs on Saba's LMS
architecture, as an example of a client using Saba for B2C CFEL
initiatives. Anheuser-Busch and Ford are two Saba customers providing
e-learning to their distributors and dealers on the B2B side.

Trade associations--and their Web equivalents--are also seizing on
elearning as a powerful new member benefit. Some are going it alone,
while others are partnering with e-businesses. VerticalNet, creator of
almost 50 vertical industry portals often affiliated with relevant
industry associations, put its CFEL operation in high gear in April in
a partnership with learning portal developer KnowledgePlanet.com.
Using KnowledgePlanet's portal platform, VerticalNet is aiming to add
learning portals to each of its 55 Web communities by year-end to
provide customized learning opportunities for member companies.

Much of the learning available to members of VerticalNet sites, most
of which make up manufacturing industries, is still instructor-led
training on technical, industry-specific topics, says senior director
and general manager of business training services Walter Rogers.
Members have been clamoring for more sophisticated means of developing
and tracking skills, something that its partnership with KP.com will
allow, says Rogers.

"Our customers were telling us they wanted to benchmark skills against
industry standards. They wanted to be able to create profiles for
individual learners and track their development and learning options.
KP.com provides us with the technology to do those things."

GartnerGroup's Clark Aldrich says that vertical communities, whether
they are trade associations or industry-specific portals, will have an
important role to play as e-learning middlemen that channel e-learning
to members. "It's the e - commerce version of guilds: Professionals
will have greater loyalty to these organizations as turnover increases
and work becomes more project based."

What advice can CFEL veterans like Sun give companies that are just
beginning to look beyond the fence line? In short, it's a whole new
challenge--one that gets exponentially harder when your customers are
all over the globe.

"If you want to be in this game, you have to pull yourself up by your
bootstraps," says Schietinger. "The faint of heart can't do it
overseas." Difficulties include the need to overcome geographical and
cultural barriers that can hinder efforts to reach customers in
foreign countries.

Sun built much of its system in-house, but content delivery platforms
are helping lower implementation barriers for others. Martin of Saba
says its platform is e - commerce ready and can handle Web-based
financial transactions that convert values for numerous currencies
automatically--a major challenge for e - commerce providers in
overseas markets.

Equally important is assessing the customer need for e-learning and
the marketing potential of offering free or low-priced e-learning to
potential customers. It's a function of the complexity of a product or
service, say analysts, as well as the degree of competition that a
company faces. CFEL can be a critical differentiator that gives a
company a leg up on competitors.

Carol Shaffer of Clarify typifies the enthusiasm with which companies
are moving into customer e-learning initiatives: "We want to apply it
anywhere we can."

Tom Barron is consulting editor for Learning Circuits and Training
& Development; tbarron@lightlink.com.

Teaching e-commerce by shopping only online

2010-06-24T03:17:00.000-07:00

AB Issues discussed concern a professor of marketing who shops only online to teach students the best ways to run an Internet-based business. Topics addressed include buying and selling on the Internet, consumer choice online, and efficient home delivery of goods purchased over the Web.

   BRUCE D. WEINBERG has set foot in a store only once in the past six
   months, but his shopping diary is required reading for his M.B.A.
   students at Boston University.

   Mr. Weinberg, an assistant professor of marketing who has vowed to
   shop only over the Internet, is apologetic about his slip-up. It
   happened in late September, when one of his bike tires blew out and
   there was no computer in sight.

   Other than that, he's kept a strict vow of cyber-purity since
   September, shopping over the Internet for everything from a $5 bottle
   of Mylanta stomach medicine to a vintage Rolls-Royce.

   His goal? To give his electronic-commerce students an inside glimpse
   at what works, and what bombs, when selling in cyberspace.

   Mr. Weinberg keeps a detailed diary of his shopping experiences on a
   World Wide Web site that awards "Brucies" to companies that go out of
   their way to please him and "Noosies" to those that tick him off
   (http://people.bu.edu/celtics). Mr. Weinberg has also created a second
   Web site that seeks to educate consumers and businesses about
   electronic commerce
   He originally planned to end his e-commerce experiment January 1, but
   now that he's on a roll, he thinks he can hold out until September,
   one full year after he started.

   EARRINGS, TIRES, AND HOT SAUCE

   The diary is filled with chatty, often hilarious accounts of his
   purchases, which include dress shoes, ruby earrings for his wife,
   Batman action figures and memorabilia, tires for his car, Cajun hot
   sauce, and a water heater.

   "Hurricane Floyd is not going to interrupt this e-shopper," he wrote
   on September 16. "As long as electricity is humming through the veins
   of my PC, I can burn up the digital aisles of the world. I need to get
   a battery for my watch.... Tomorrow, I think I'll order some groceries
   as I am getting hungry, and then, after that, maybe I'll buy some
   retirement real estate."

   Mr. Weinberg hopes his experiences will make better Internet shoppers
   and consultants out of his students, many of whom will be helping
   companies plan Web sites after they graduate. They're tapping into an
   area with a staggering potential for growth, but a sobering number of
   failures. Businesses sold some $177-billion in goods and services to
   other businesses over the Internet last year--an amount that is
   expected to jump to $2.7-trillion by 2004, according to Forrester
   Research Inc., which analyzes the impact of changing technology on
   business. Meanwhile, businesses sold $20-billion in goods to consumers
   last year.

   Despite the boom in online sales, many companies are struggling to
   make a profit, and even those that succeed in attracting first-time
   buyers have trouble retaining them, Mr. Weinberg says.

   He hopes to help his students, and the business community, determine
   why so many e-commerce efforts falter.

   "I figured, companies aren't making enough money, and customers aren't
   happy," he says. "Why can't I dive in there and analyze why that is
   and pass it on to practitioners?"

   Students enrolled in his electronic-commerce course must complete a
   series of exercises that require them to become both buyers and
   sellers.

   Working in teams of two, the students create their own Web sites,
   which may make money but don't have to. For instance, one student
   created a Web site with everything a consumer might need to know about
   buying watches, while another set up an online travel agency.

   Students must buy something online and interact with a company's
   customer-service representatives. They must also return an item and
   buy and sell something in an online auction. For each exercise, they
   write a short paper on their experiences.

   A second-year M.B.A. student, Greg Crescenzi. says becoming a
   more-savvy online customer will help him next year, when he begins
   work at a consulting company in Cambridge, Mass., that handles
   business-to-business electronic commerce.

   "I'm finding that I take a much more critical look at Web sites," says
   Mr. Crescenzi. For instance, while renting a car for a vacation, he
   swore off one site that required him to go through many cumbersome
   steps before it gave him the information he needed.

   Customers who buy online are generally better informed and have more
   clout, Mr. Weinberg says.

   "You can reach C.E.O.'s. If you send them an e-mail, they'll often
   respond. Granted, I'm a professor and the company might have more
   reason to respond to me, but I still think it speaks to the impact
   consumers can have in this industry. They're definitely empowered," he
   says.

   "Seven years ago, when you bought a car, the dealer held all the
   cards. If he knocked $1,000 off the price, you thought you got a good
   deal. Now, as a customer, you know what he's paying and what is a fair
   price. The information is all out there in the open."

   "SO DARN MUCH FUN'

   Wading through all of that information isn't everyone's idea of a good
   time. But for Mr. Weinberg, a computer-science major turned e-commerce
   guru, online shopping is addictive.

   "What I think is so incredible is that it's so darn much fun," he
   exclaims in typical exuberance. His diary entries reflect his
   excitement.

   "Big Big Big Brucie to OutPost.com and a Big Big Brucie to Kozmo.com,"
   he wrote on December 16. "The Palm V [an electronic organizer] that I
   ordered from OutPost.com at 10:54 pm last evening, arrived today at
   11:30 am. Wow, I was blown away."

   But treat him wrong, and this Internet shopper tears into a rant.

   In his January 22 diary entry, he shared the e-mail he had sent to
   DrugEmporium.com. "Congratulations, you have earned a NOOSIE for poor
   service on shipping this order. I placed the order on January 19 with
   NEXT DAY delivery requested. You managed to take a couple of days to
   get the order out, and then managed to send it with GROUND service.
   Not the way to treat a customer, and particularly no way to treat a
   customer who earlier in the week gave you a Brucie."

   A customer-service representative responded 10 days later with an
   apology and a coupon for $10 off of future orders. Mr. Weinberg says
   he'll place another order, but if the service is poor, he'll award the
   company "a lifetime Noosie."

   SHIPPING A ROLLS

   The most expensive item he shopped for was a 1958 Rolls-Royce Silver
   Cloud. After months of searching the Internet and bidding on a few
   cars, he ended up inheriting a Rolls that had been in his family.
   Still, he did use an online transportation company to deliver the car
   from Kansas.

   In his November 5 entry, he casually mentioned that his new car had
   arrived, but reserved most of his enthusiasm for an impulse buy he had
   made the same day on the eBay auction site: the Batman's Villain
   Gallery and action figures.

   Mani Rafii, a second-year M.B.A. student, says Mr. Weinberg's passion
   for Internet buying makes for some entertaining classes.

   "He's like a small kid who's jumping around when he's gotten a big
   gift. He's especially excited if he's gotten something for free," says
   Mr. Rafii, who has accepted a job with a consulting firm in Boston
   that advises German companies that are selling online.

   "This is helping us understand both sides of the industry--what the
   consumer wants, like fast delivery and no minimum orders, and what
   problems businesses are likely to run into."

   M&M DELIVERY TEAM

   Mr. Rafii conducted his own experiment during a recent class. The
   general manager of one of Mr. Weinberg's favorite Internet sites,
   Kozmo.com, was visiting the class that day to talk about his service,
   which promises to deliver items like videos, CD's, and food within an
   hour in designated cities, for no delivery fee. Mr. Rafii decided to
   put the company to the test. He typed his order into his laptop
   computer at 6:05 p.m., just as the class was beginning. At 6:40, two
   delivery men knocked on the door and asked for Mr. Rafii. They handed
   him a box containing one bag of M&M candies, along with a bill for
   $1.05.

   "Everyone was shocked. It was really quite funny," he recalls. His
   stunt turned into a lesson on marketing strategies.

   "I asked him how they can stay in business if people order M&M's
   10 times a day. He told me their model is trying to please a customer
   as fast as possible, and relying on word of mouth to get new
   business," Mr. Rafii says. Even if someone takes advantage of the
   system, most customers will be impressed with the prompt service, and
   will spread the word, he explains.

   Kozmo.com officials would not release information about the company's
   financial performance, but Mr. Weinberg says it is not making a
   profit. "I have no doubt it's going to become a big-time player, and
   eventually be profitable," he adds.

   Even before the World Wide Web was invented, Mr. Weinberg was
   experimenting with a precursor of the electronic marketplace.

   While pursuing a Ph.D. in management at the Massachusetts Institute of
   Technology in the late 1980's, he developed a computer-based,
   multimedia shopping system for automobiles. "You could get inside the
   car and talk to the salesperson--it was very realistic," he says.

   NO NOSTALGIA FOR "REAL' STORES

   Mr. Weinberg has focused recently on how cars are bought and sold over
   the Internet. His interest was piqued by a Web site, CarsDirect.com,
   that allows customers to buy cars online and have them delivered to
   their door. "Initially, I thought that this concept was crazy, because
   it excludes visiting a dealer for the time-honored traditions of
   tire-kicking and test-driving," he says. "Later, I realized that
   tire-kicking in this day and age is absurd; and a five-minute spin on
   a smooth-surfaced highway doesn't provide much value."

   That got him thinking about whether customers could buy just about
   anything over the Internet. Mr. Weinberg says he's in no hurry to go
   back into a "real" store, but might be forced to this summer.

   "Our third child is due in June, so it might get tricky," he says.
   When the diapers have run out, even a one-hour wait can seem like an
   eternity.

Get Free Chemistry and Physics Help by Online From a Professional Tutors

2010-06-09T04:25:00.000-07:00

A few weeks ago my friends ask me to help him about his task college on studying Chemistry and Physics. He told me that he felt so difficult to learn and understand chemistry and physics. No wonder if he felt like that, because to learn and understands about those objects needs a lot of reference. Not just about reference, we also need a good tutoring with professional tutors.
I really want to help my friends to solve his problems about chemistry and physics college task, but I did not have that ability. So I decided to find more information on the internet, about to get tutorial on chemistry and physics by online. The needs of my friends are about get online tutoring on chemistry so he can get chemistry help to solve all about his chemistry problems. My friends ask me, does he really can get a finest chemistry answers that will solve all his confuses about chemistry? I said off course he will get it.
He feels so glad to know that he could learn so practice about chemistry because he can learn it by online, it is so amazing. I gave my friends suggestions to quickly do a registration so he could quickly get an online tutoring to learn chemistry. The amazing is, we not just could get chemistry help, and we also could get physics help to solve all about our physics problems. Until now, I feel so exciting to know that nowadays we could get a better education by studying it online way, which is if we have a physics problems we could get a finest physics answer. Definitely Tutor Vista is the best physics problems solver I ever know. I strongly recommend you all to do registration there.

Job Opportunity on BRI

2010-06-03T23:22:00.000-07:00

Job Opportunity on BRI, find out the further information by download the full information that I had from the source directly. Just easily click here

Good luck to you

If you need more information, you can read these a few files below

Study and Learn Algebra Online with an expert tutor

2010-04-19T05:00:00.001-07:00

Many people said that learns Algebra is so difficult and maybe could be a complex issue event for most children from elementary school until high school were very afraid of Algebra, is that true? I don't think so. I think it could be possible because of they probably have no clear idea of Algebra especially about Algebra 1. If we want to study well about Algebra 1, we have to learn it with an expert tutor. Amazingly now we can learn Algebra 1 and get Algebra 1 Help from an expert tutor that really-really professional.
My Brother recently told me that he feels so happy when I said to him that now we can get an amazing tutor when we study Algebra, so we can get a better knowledge about algebra and of course we can get Algebra 1 Answers that will gives us satisfaction about learning Algebra.
Not just about Algebra 1, my brother told me that now he can get an amazing tutorial and learn about Algebra 2 with an expert tutor. So with the helps of the expert tutor on Algebra 2, all problems that probably we face it could be easier to solve. On the past, my brother asks me how to learn Algebra easier but not have to be in the class? When I browse the internet, I found this amazing site that will gives us a lot of helps about Algebra.
I suggest my brother to find it on the internet. I suggest him to regularly visit the site, understanding it, learn it, and get a lot of professional tutorial to learn Algebra. Not just about learning more easily about Algebra 1, we also could get Algebra 2 help it is really Algebra 2 help from a professional tutor. The site is really eye catching, easy to understand, well performance and service excellent. I suggest to all of you, if you want to get professional tutors when you learn Algebra, visit tutornext.com. You will get Algebra 2 Answers from an expert tutor. Visit it, learn it, join it and get a better score on your college than become a professional on Algebra. Amazingly you can learn it or study algebra by online with an expert tutor, wow it is awesome, even all my friend said that tutornext.com is really amazing.

The best dictionary of American English

2010-03-17T06:05:00.000-07:00

If we learn about English, we are also learning about reading comprehension. Recently I read a book about reading comprehension that included a lot of section. Some of the section is designed to measure our ability to read and understand short passages similar in topic and style to those that students are likely to encounter in North American universities and colleges. I often was facing a diagnostic pre-test about American English, so that why I need the best dictionary of American English. I need it because I recently read books that English literate
To understand the story I really need an American dictionary, because the story was written on American English style. Nowadays I have discussed a nice topic about the game of Mount Everest puzzle. My friends are the owner of the game and I often borrow it. I discuss it with my friends and especially about crossword puzzle that included on the game. My friends told me that to get easier learning about American English that often being there in any literate, we also have to know about audio dictionary. With helps from audio dictionary we can easier to learn and knowing about American English.
My friends told me that they know a good dictionary of American English. on the internet that will helps us understand about American English by online. It is amazing for me to get more exploration from the expert and I can get a perfect answer from any of my questions about the most searched words. So I strongly recommend to you to visit Lexiology.com you will find all what you want about the best dictionary of American English ever have.

Free Statistics Help from a professional tutor

2010-03-17T04:51:00.000-07:00

For some students, probably learning a few objects could be so difficult so they have problems with it. A few objects that students recently feel so difficult to study are about statistics. If that happen to you or when you have trouble with statistic is one thing you must do it of neglect. However, this would not be a solution to your problem when you ignore it. For that you should try to improve your statistics skills, why I said that because the statistics is the object lesson is really important. You might not get a passing grade statistics academic if you are lazy to learn it. That's why nowadays many people who decide to learn statistics outside of school hours by various methods. Some people said that to learn statistics outside of school hours is known as distance learning. As a student if we had a problem with one of object that we learning about, or if we feel that learning statistics is too difficult, it is mean that we need statistics help from a professional statistics tutor.

Maybe sometimes we do not understand the explanation of our teacher in front of the class. For that we can have the own tutor to learn and the tutor is must be a professional tutor. Statistics are gives us a knowledge about grouping and displaying data, measures of central tendency and dispersion, probability, estimation, testing hypotheses and many more. It is so impossible if we do not have statistics problems. That’s why we need a professional statistics tutor, it can gives us solution about all of our statistics questions.

It is so amazing if we could get a professional statistics tutor that can give us the solution about our statistics questions with a perfect statistics answer directly from the expert. Last night when I browse the internet, I found an amazing and incredibly website that could be our solution about statistics help. Wow, it is so amazing. That website could give us a perfect statistics answer and they also give us free statistics helps. I have a big hope that with the helps from the exact expert, we can more easier to learn statistics and we will get a better score in the school. That's why I strongly recommend you to visit tutorvista.com and discover all the amazing of learning statistics on that site.

Schedule Planning For My Student

2010-02-10T21:30:00.000-08:00

Do you want to download schedule planning for your study?

It just need a simple steps, Please Click Here

Note: the schedules were still draft, for further information you can contact secretariat, thanks. See you on the next Distance Learning Business and Management

The Best Way To Find and Get Helps From Professional Tutor in Education

2010-01-16T04:26:00.000-08:00

This is my students photo, they had been photo at the campus library on November 2009. I really proud of them, they always gives the best they can do as a students and have strong motivation in our students organizations.

Creating Blue Oceans-Blue Ocean Strategy

2010-01-16T03:03:00.000-08:00

Halo my dearest friends.. how are you today? Please allow me to post an article about Blue Ocean Strategy. This article I had quote from the Books Blue Ocean Strategy How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make The Competition Irrelevant, written by W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne, published by Harvard Business School Press.

Okay now lets we start with chapter one "Creating Blue Oceans". Cause of this article is one of my topics about Distance Learning Business and Management, so I hope you read this article and find out what does this article meanings for.. Here we go!

A ONE TIME ACCORDION PLAYER, stilt-walker and fire-eater, Guy Laliberte is now CEO of Cirque du Soleil, one of Canada's largest cultural exports. Created in 1984 by a group of street performers, Cirque's productions have seen by almost forty million people in ninety cities around the world. In less than twenty years Cirque du Soleil has achieved a level of revenues that took Ringling Bros and Barnum & Bailey-the global champion of the circus industry-more than one hundred years to attain.

What makes this rapid growth all the more remarkable is that it was not achieved in an attractive industry but rather in a declining industry in which traditional strategic analysis pointed to limited potential for growth. Supplier power on the part of star performers was really strong. So was buyer power. Alternative forms of entertainment-ranging from various kinds of urban live entertainment to sporting events to home entertainment-cast an increasingly long shadow. Children cried out just for video game like Playstations rather than a visit to the traveling circus (how sad). Partially as a result, the industry was suffering from steadily decreasing audiences and, in turn, declining revenue and profits. There was also increasing against the use of animals (like tiger, elephant, bear, etc) in circuses by animal rights group. Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey set the standard, and competing smaller circuses essentially followed with scaled-down versions. From the perspective of competition-based strategy, then, the circus industry appeared unattractive.

Another compelling aspect of Cirque du Soleil's success is that it did not win by taking customers from the already shrinking circus industry, which historically catered to children. Cirque du soleil did not compete with Ringling Bros. and barnum & Bailey. Instead it created uncontested new market space that made the competition irrelevant. It appealed to a whole new group of customers: adults and corporate clients prepared to pay a price several times as great as traditional circuses for an unprecedented entertainment experience. Significantly, one of the first Cirque productions was titled "We Reinvent the Circus".

Okay my friends, that was just only one parts from this topics. For next Distance Learning Business and Management, we will discuss and learn about the topics "New Market Space"

Mario Teguh Golden Ways - The Power Of Imaginary Regret

2010-01-11T01:36:00.000-08:00

Watch the lesson from Mario Teguh (famous motivator instructor in Indonesia). This lesson gives us the easy ways to understand about The Power of Imaginary Regret. Hopefully we can take the goodness from this lesson and never stop to study on any way including by distance learning business and management ways.

The Power of Imaginary Regret (Part 1)

The Power of Imaginary Regret (Part 2)

The Power of Imaginary Regret (Part 3)

The Power of Imaginary Regret (Part 4)

The Power of Imaginary Regret (Part 5)

Distance Learning TOEFL Test (Part 1)

2010-01-02T22:39:00.000-08:00

Lets learn TOEFL by Distance Learning Business and Management. I named this lesson is Distance Learning TOEFL Test.
First one please allow me to write about TOEFL Test Introduction.
From a few source that I search it on the web i found this nice description about TOEFL. The TOEFL test is taken by students who are interested in furthering their school (academic) careers and want to demonstrate a proficiency in North American English. The competitiveness of school admissions dictates a good TOEFL score as a minimum to even be considered by some colleges. The TOEFL test covers 3 content areas, that 3 content areas are: Writing, Reading, and Listening. On TOEFL test You will not find social studies, chemistry, physics and biology, unless a few of these topics are covered indirectly on the sections. Hmmm.. interesting right???

All right now we continue our lesson. The TOEFL test is designed to be one of the first hurdles in your school (academic) career. Consequently, the questions focus on your ability to apply knowledge that you have learned in past experiences related to the English Language. The TOEFL test requires that you understand the underlying concepts of the English language.
Many stare at limited funding and the overwhelming task of studying to score high on the TOEFL test. My article was created to help all of us with the concept of distance learning business and management and I named Distance Learning TOEFL Test, overcome the challenge of the TOEFL test. The key TOEFL testing tips are stated as follows:

I hope with the methods of Distance learning business and management will improve your writing skills.
Not just writing skills, with Distance learning business and management you will also review reading passages that frequently occur on the TOEFL test.
Improve your vocabulary, getting better and better
Be familiar with the format of the TOEFL test, this could be useful for you when you face the test.
Practice intensely for the listening test on the TOEFL test. Practice makes perfect right???

The hours of studying and class work are finally worth it when you gain acceptance into the school or job of your choice (You get what you want because of your own ability, hard work and smart)
Please take your time to review all of my articles written about the TOEFL test and the pitfalls that some students fall into with the test. I really hope, you can avoid the mistakes that others make when preparing for the exam and will find the following information to be helpful and informative on dealing with the TOEFL test. Good luck... see you next chapter... and keep your spirits lights turn on, never give up!

Free Online Math Tutoring and Help

2009-12-19T02:45:00.000-08:00

For some people Mathematics maybe complex issue event for most children from elementary school until high school were very afraid of mathematics. I think it could be possible because of they often have no clear idea of mathematical jobs and don't have enough reference to done it.
If we talk about Math (Mathematics), basically we are discussing about quantity, structure, and change. Nowadays mathematics is used throughout the world as essential and important tools in many fields like education, science, engineering, biology and social sciences.
Some people said that learn math was so difficult, so I think to help those who felt difficult on studying math, they probably need Math Help from trusted source. If those people who felt difficult to learn math get a Math Help, They will have experts' guides by an expert on math. That math expert is known as Math Tutor. It is so amazing if we can learn and study math with help from the experts and get tutorials by Online Math Tutor so we can get a sophisticated Online Math Tutoring right from the expert on math.
Nowadays the development of technology especially on management information system is so good. So with help of internet or website, we can get help on math by online. It is so amazing that we can get Online Math Help by free. Wow it is so amazing! we can get Free Online Math Tutoring from reputable and trusted source. All students that study and learn math with the help by reputable and trusted source, not just get an Free Online Math Tutoring but the students will also get Free Online Math Help.
It is so amazing, learn and study math will be easier and more fun. If you wonder how to get Math Help from the good reputable and trusted source by online, you should visit www.tutorvista.com/math-help. You can contact them and find another amazing Free Online Math Tutoring as their give as they excellent service.

Mario Teguh (Super Friendship 1/5)

2009-12-16T03:47:00.000-08:00

Watch the show of Mario Teguh Golden Ways "Super Friendship" Part 1 of 5. These video will teach us how to make super friendship and become a super person. I think this video will helps us learn about Distance Learning Business and Management easily. I upload it while I am write an article about my Diktat Kuliah Manajemen
Part 1 of 5

Part 2 of 5

Part 3 of 5

Part 4 of 5

Part 5 of 5

After you watch it, don't forget to give comment OK? Thanks.
Salam Super! Stay Super!

AUTONOMOUS FAULT DIAGNOSIS: STATE OF THE ART AND AERONAUTICAL BENCHMARK

2009-12-07T23:58:00.000-08:00

Recently I have no ideas to post something in my blogs, because I was so busy with some job in my office. I have to go travel to Bandung and Bogor to do my job, and that was really makes me so tired. Because of that to update my blogs, I just search on the internet about some interesting article and I found this article.
This article briefly reviews the state of the art in Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI), and give some description (describes) a test-case for in-flight fault diagnosis. The main concepts are recalled, the links between the approaches are indicated and the most promising methods are highlighted. The nonlinear models of the system, its sensors and actuators are described in the second part of the article, along with fault scenarios. Constraints restrict the approaches that are applicable on the test-case and suggest quantitative indicates that can be used to evaluate fault diagnosis strategies in an aeronautical context. This is the abstract of the article that I found it on the internet. I think this article is so useful to study and to know much more about how to write a nice article to International journal and to learn about Distance Learning in Business and Management, Distance Learning Management and Distance Learning Indonesia. This article has a conclusion like I write it below:
A survey of the main fault diagnosis approaches has been conducted in this paper. A classification according to the type of knowledge available has been proposed, and the links between apparently dissimilar techniques coming from different communities have been emphasized. We defined a test-case for in-flight FDI, based on an interceptor missile with a predetermined set of sensors and actuators with no hardware redundancy. The nonlinear models of the aircraft, its components and the faults affecting them were described in detail. Finally, methods to be further investigated along with the performance criteria to compare them were set forth.
These are a few references that used on this article:
[1] G. Ducard and H.P. Geering. Efficient nonlinear actuator fault detection and isolation system for unmanned aerial vehicles. Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics, 31(1):225, 2008.
[2] R.J. Patton. Fault detection and diagnosis in aerospace systems using analytical redundancy. Computing & Control Engineering Journal, 2(3):127–136, 1991.
[3] R. Isermann and P. Balle. Trends in the application of model-based fault detection and diagnosis of technical processes. Control Engineering Practice, 5(5):709–719, 1997.
[4] C. Angeli and A. Chatzinikolaou. On-line fault detection techniques for technical system: A survey. International Journal of Computer Science & Applications, 1(1):12–30, 2004.
[5] V. Venkatasubramanian, R. Rengaswamy, S.N. Kavuri, and K. Yin. A review of process fault detection and diagnosis Part III: Process history based methods. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 27(3):327–346, 2003.
[6] B. Dubuisson. Diagnostic et reconnaissance des formes. Hermes Paris, 1990.
[7] R.J. Patton, C.J. Lopez-Toribio, and F.J. Uppal. Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, 9(3):471–518, 1999.
[8] H.J. Shin, D.H. Eom, and S.S. Kim. One-class support vector machines: an application in machine fault detection and classification. Comput. Ind.Eng., 48(2):395–408, 2005.
[9] R.J. Patton, J. Chen, and T.M. Siew. Fault diagnosis in nonlinear dynamic systems via neural networks. In International Conference on Control, Coventry, volume 2, pages 1346–1351, 1994.
[10] L. Györfi. Principles of Nonparametric Learning. Springer Verlag Wien New York, 2002.
[11] V.N. Vapnik. An overview of statistical learning theory. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 10(5):988–999, 1999.
[12] C.E. Rasmussen and C.K.I. Williams. Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning. Springer-Verlag New York, 2006.
[13] W. Li, H.H. Yue, S. Valle-Cervantes, and S.J. Qin. Recursive PCA for adaptive process monitoring. Journal of Process Control, 10(5):471–486, 2000.
[14] J.M. Lee, C.K. Yoo, S.W. Choi, P.A. Vanrolleghem, and I.B. Lee. Nonlinear process monitoring using kernel principal component analysis. Chemical Engineering Science, 59(1):223–234, 2004.
[15] L. Chittaro and R. Ranon. Hierarchical model-based diagnosis based on structural abstraction. Artificial Intelligence, 155(1):147–182, 2004.
[16] J. Montmain and S. Gentil. Dynamic causal model diagnostic reasoning for online technical process supervision. Automatica, 36(8):1137–1152, 2000.
[17] C. Combastel, S. Lesecq, S. Petropol, and S. Gentil. Model-based and wavelet approaches to induction motor on-line fault detection. Control Engineering Practice, 10(5):493–509, 2002.
[18] S.M. Castillo, E.R. Gelso, and J. Armengol. Constraint satisfaction techniques under uncertain conditions for fault diagnosis in nonlinear dynamic systems. In 16th IEEE Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation,, pages 1216–1221, 2008.
[19] M. Basseville and I.V. Nikiforov. Detection of Abrupt Changes: Theory and Application. Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1993.
[20] M. Witczak. Modelling and Estimation Strategies for Fault Diagnosis of Non-Linear Systems: From Analytical to Soft Computing Approaches. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 2007

Identifying What Management Is Needed

2009-11-08T18:45:00.001-08:00

Nowadays, I publish this article about "Identifying What Management Is Needed" took from the Book "Tools For Managing Partnership in Development" as reference to learn Distance Learning Business and Management.

All partnership-building and project implementation processes have certain core management needs, including:

Mediation between partners and other stakeholders.
Provision of a conduit for information and communication
Identification and mobilization of resources
A means of ensuring that quality standards are in place
Agreement on evaluation criteria and measures of success from th perspective of partners and stakeholders
A mechanism for recognizing and exposing exploitation or bad practice

Lets look in more details at two of these needs. First, mediation between partners and other stakeholders is a key need that involves:

Engaging them in all aspects of the partnership-building process; if necessary, facilitating partners meeting and acting as a 'go-between'
Monitoring and promoting the principles of equity, transparency and mutual benefit whitin the partnership
Developing strong working relationships with all stakeholders
Preparing stakeholders for the impact of any partnership activity

Secondly, acting as an effective communication conduit means that partners and stakeholders are fully informed of developments and other information affecting the partnership. It also ensures that different viewpoints, including sectoral or cultural conflicts of interest, are represented.

The larger the number of partners and/or stakeholders, the more attention will be directed to managing the process of partnership building. This is best undertaken by an individual acting as a partnership intermediary.

How To Get Your Paypal Account Verified?

2009-11-02T02:46:00.000-08:00

As we know that Paypal is the safe way to pay online, with Paypal we could pay securely from our online purchases, send money quickly and easily, accepted worldwide, and easy to sign up and easy to use.
Having Paypal account, we have to verication our account with credit or debit card that accepted by Paypal. It could be a problem for us that might be do not have credit or debit card.
Now I am gonna tell you a little bit information how to get your Paypal account verified easily, fast and secure. To find out how to do it please feel free to click here
Good luck !

Guaranteach: The Best Solution To Learn Math and Algebra Effectively

2009-10-22T03:18:00.000-07:00

There is no overdue word to learn, that is my principle in learning the science. Possible of us is often meets with difficulty, but don't make that difficulty as burden but make as challenge to be faced. In general we often say that the science which is difficult to learn is mathematics. That thing is in fact less precisely, learn the mathematics not difficult if we learn diligently and often exercise with the problem manner.
To be able to more comprehending of mathematics hence we require tuition of mathematician able to give us Math help. In principle learn the mathematics is learning the algebra that is studying the calculation and numbers. The Calculation form studied in algebra is like addition, reduction, division, multiplication, root, square, and others. Rather difficult to comprehend the mathematics and algebra was otherwise assisted by mathematician and algebra expert.
This matter understandable, because learning the mathematics and algebra cannot only do by individually or with only reading books. Thereby hence we require expert which give the tuition and aid to us in studying the mathematics and algebra with interest is easy to comprehend.
Not just Math help we also need Algebra help from the expert to make us studying mathematics (math) and Algebra easily.
A few days ago when I use internet in my home, I found the best solution how to get helps and guides for us to learn mathematics (math) and Algebra easily. I found Guaranteach a website that giving the aid to us in studying the mathematics, algebra, calculation, and various other sciences. Learn math and algebra with Guaranteach is so comfortable and effectively gives us Online Tutoring on studying math and Algebra, pleasant very and valuable very. Appearance of this website is very attractive and capture and also a lot of positive comment of peoples who have tried the aid learn the mathematics and algebra through Guaranteach, so they give their positive testimony about Guaranteach.
Studying on Guaranteach we do not have to pay expensive the tutor that often paid by hour like usually before. Guaranteach gives us Math Help and Algebra Help with less price just only $9.95 they will gives us Unlimited Tutorial on Math for an entire month. Wow it is incredible! I never found any Tutor like Guaranteach that will gives me Math help and Algebra Help, with less price and amazing tutoring.
If you interest to get helps on math and algebra, I suggest you visit Guaranteach on http://www.guaranteach.com and contact them immediately. Never late to study, we have to be always improving our skills and knowledge, so we will be able to get in competition in this global market.

Fight Against Illiteracy as My Social Activity as Lecturer at STIE Dewantara Bogor

2009-10-14T05:21:00.000-07:00

As a lecturer I have three obligation, that is:
1. Teaching and Education
2. Research
3. Social Activity (Empowering people)
In this semester I give lecture to my students about Statistics and Management Information System. On Statistics class, the students are 100% fresh graduated from senior high school and I often call them regular class. On management information system class, the students are mix from regular class and irregular class; I often call them executive class because commonly the students are employee.

I make a plan in this semester I have to make at least one research on marketing (marketing research), the topics could be about positioning, marketing mix, distribution, place, pricing, or about promotion.
Now I just want to share about my experience in my social activity empowering people on Fight against Illiteracy in Kabupaten Bogor in years 2008.

This photo tell a story concerning school activity informally in a cloistered countryside in Bogor
Activity of eradication of this illiteracy entangle local tutor energies. This husband and wife spouse is local tutor which give the instruction read and write into local resident.

This photo show the activity one of the resident that trying so hard and learning to write on the black board "Good luck Grand Ma"

It’s me In this photo (wearing batik) take a photo together with the Tutor and the resident

I think enough for this time, next time Insya Allah I will continue my experience as a lecturer and I will post another story to you.
Write on Bogor, October 14, 2009 to Distance Learning Indonesia Blogs

Mechanisms For Partnership Organizations

2009-10-08T19:01:00.000-07:00

Partnership Organizations has seven mechanisms, I know it from The Prince of Wales Business Leaders Forum and published in The book Tools for managing partnership in development.

That seven mechanisms are:

1. Public sector-led partnership initiative
Structure established and (in part) funded by the public sector, with a focus on policy charges
2. Business campaign organizations
Issue-based programme seeking to draw attention to a cause and promote charges in attitude or behaviour
3. Business coalition for social development
Membership-driven organization whose members are from business associations
4. NGO established by business
Vehicle for business to invest in social or environmental programme
5. NGO working with other sector
Organization that actively pursues its goals with partners from other sectors
6. NGO working as an intermediary
Organization that positions it self as an intermediary operating between partners and other stakeholders
7. Academia-led cross-sector initiative

Structure designed to integrate academic knowledge with practical needs and skills
Note: NGO in Indonesia known as LSM

How formal does a partnership have to be? There are vary opinions on this. Typically, a partnership its early stages does not require a formal contract-the relationship and collaborative work can often develop better with greater freedom to test out ideas. A simple memorandum of understanding may be sufficient in the first instance. Formal agreements are more appropriate as the relationship develops and become essential at the stage when significant resource commitments are required.

Whatever methods you choose to consult stakeholders, I suggest you to always remembering these 4 simply tips:
1. Ask clear and appropriate questions
2. Explain what you are doing and why (the reason you doing that)
3. Listen to what you are told
4. Give feedback

Planning and Resourcing Partnership (Part 1)

2009-10-02T03:25:00.000-07:00

Partnership is a cross-sector alliance in which individuals, groups or organizations agree to: work together to fulfill an obligation or undertake a specific task; share the risks as well as the benefits; and review the relationship regularly, revising their agreement as necessary.
The process of planning and resourcing cross-sector partnerships includes:
1. Deciding what you want to do
2. Identifying partners
3. Agreeing core principles
4. Formalizing the partnership
5. Setting objectives
6. Engaging other stakeholders
7. Planning for action
8. Mobilizing resources
9. Reviewing and revising
To be continued ...

Batik is Belongs to Indonesia

2009-10-01T18:41:00.000-07:00

Batik is belongs to Indonesia. UNESCO as an international broad also said that Batik is belongs to Indonesia, Batik is not belongs to another countries.
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as President of Indonesia making decision that every October 2nd is the Indonesian Batik's day.

Lets tell to all people in the world that Batik is Belongs to Indonesia

Do you love and like Batik like the pictures shown in this Blog? Visit Indonesia

Indonesia is a beautiful country.
Visit Indonesia, you can discover so many culture and amazing views in Indonesia. Many places in Indonesia that are so beautiful, like Bali with the beautiful sanur beach, Bandung with the awesome Gedung Sate, Jakarta with the Monas, Bogor with the food vacation, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, and so many more

Gold Is The Most Safety and Profitable Investment

2009-09-30T19:30:00.000-07:00

Almost every country in the world had facing economic crisis, a lot of huge company could not survive and than stopping their business because the economic crisis, the impact from many huge companies stopping their business are unstable condition of their employee. They who have good investment will more stable than others that not have any preparation to face economic crisis.
We have to prepare our self if the economic crisis happen, before it happens we have to choose the best investment that can be stable and profitable in any conditions including in economic crisis condition. There a lot of investment that we can choose it, but I think investment in gold is the best way and profitable investment. According to the site http://goldcoinsgain.com investment in gold could be in gold coins that have a trusted certificate from the authorized broad in gold. I think this is really prestigious to have some of the magnificent and beautiful gold coin that shown in that site. Investment in gold is more stable than investment in other way, event in economic crisis condition the prices of gold is always going high and never down or fall like the currency. There are many types of gold bullion that we can find it and choose one or some of on the site http://goldcoinsgain.com. I suggest and give recommendation to you all, if you want to have safety and profitable investment, buy some bullion is the best way on investment. We going to be reach optimize profit in the future and more stable in any condition, stable condition or maybe in economic crisis condition. If you want to find out more information about doing investment in gold, you better visit the site http://goldcoinsgain.com, they will be helps and guides you well how to do it.

Lets prepare our self to face any condition that maybe come to us anytime with safety and profitable investment.

The Normal Distribution

2009-09-29T03:07:00.000-07:00

I know of scarcely anything so apt to impress the imagination as the wonderful form of cosmic order expressed by the "Law of Frequency of Error".
The Law would have been personified by the Greeks and deified, if they had known of it. It reigns with serenity and in complete self-effacement amidst the wildest confusion. The huger the mob and the greater the apparent anarchy, the more perfect is its sway. It is the supreme law of Unreasoned.
Whenever a large sample of chaotic elements are taken in hand and marshaled in the order of their magnitude, and unsuspected and most beautiful form of regularity proves to have been latent all along.
The tops of the marshaled row form a flowing curve of invariable proportions; and each element, as it is sorted into place, finds, as it were, a preordained niche accurately adapted to fit it.
If the measurement at any two specified Grades in the row are known, those that will be found at every other Grade, except towards the extreme ends, can be predicted in the way already explained and with much precision.

Sir Francis Galton on Lapin, Statistics Meaning and Method

ASSESSING THE SERVICE QUALITY

2009-09-28T22:48:00.000-07:00

ASSESSING THE SERVICE QUALITY OF SELECTED COMMERCIAL BANK THROUGH THE SERVICE MARKETING MIX PRACTICE
BY DASMANSYAH ADYAS
Lecturer of STIE Dewantara

BACK GROUND
This study attempt to assess the quality of services of selected commercial banks through the service marketing mix practices as perceived by the bank clients and service providers (employees).
Specifically, the study answered the following questions:
1. How do the clients of selected commercial banks perceived the service quality of the banks through the service marketing mix practices, such as:
1.1. product
1.2. price
1.3. place
1.4. promotion
1.5. participants or personnel
1.6. physical evidences
1.7. process
2. How do the employees (service providers) rate the extent to which the service quality of their banks melt the expectations through the above-mentioned marketing mix practices.
3. Are there significant differences on the expectations and rating of bank clients on service quality through the service marketing mix practices.
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Defining quality in services is especially difficult because of intangible nature of the service offering the definition of service quality may vary from person to person and from situation to situation.
In attempt to classify the approaches to service quality, the following four categories have chosen: dimensions of service quality, gap analysis, the design approach, and direct quality of know how from good services.
Parasurman, Zeitheml, and Barry identified ten determinants of service quality that may related to any service: reliability, responsiveness, competence, access, courtesy, communication, credibility, security, understanding, knowing the customer, tangibles. Later this to boiled down to five: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy.
In evolution of marketing in customer industries, most firms pass through what is called a production stage. In this stage firms can concentrate on increasing the efficiency of their product effort the use of their experiences. Most financial institution are now in a product stage of marketing evolution, especially in Indonesia. For example, many banks have multiple automotive loans product variables rate, KPR, fixed rates etc. The obvious problem with an orientation is that consumers do not understand financial service well enough to make the choices the banks epact them to make.
Marketing mix include and all elements that may potentially satisfy the consumer and over which the firm has some level of control. Bitner’s traces evolution of service marketing mix focusing of moment of the truth or service encounter. The mix presented useful tools for effective managing and enhancing the quality of service, the author augmented the traditional four P’s of marketing mix ( product, price, place and promotion) with additional P’s of physical evidence, participant and process.

Hypothesis of the Study
There is no significant differences on the expectation and rating of the bank clients on the service quality of the banks

Scope and Delimitations
The study deals on the access meant of service quality of selected commercial bank. The Service Marketing Mix include product. Price promotion, plane, participants, process and physical evidence.
The respondents of the study are the bank clients and personnel (service-providers) of the bank. The standard used in the assessment of the service quality are the perception from both clients and personnel selected commercial bank
Method of research
This study was used the descriptive analytical approach in eliciting data for analysis. The descriptive method is believed to be more applicable to answer and investigate the perceptions of commercial banking quality services. In other words this approach presented the perception from both the provider and user about the quality service of selected commercial banks.
Statistical Treatment
The following statistical techniques were used for in-depth analysis of data and table, these are process of summarizing raw date and displaying them in compact from for further analysis. This was done in the early stage of this study. Weighted mean, this technique was used to compute the mean of data to measure the opinion of respondents in quality services of commercial banks.
Ranking, determined the relative importance of answers each respondent in the order to priority, feasibility and urgency. The highest rank is for variable with the very great extent, the lowest rank is for that of not at all extent. The kruskall-wallis test statistics, was used for testing the null hypothesis.

FINDINGS
1. The perception of clients of service quality rendered by commercial bank through the service marketing mix practices.
1.1 Products/services
The respondents stated that banks presented all indicators in services rendered by commercial banks in terms of products and services. They agreed that banks provide prompt attention and high degree of courtesy. Depositing and withdrawing are done relatively is short time. They also agreed that banks provided state-of-the-art latest/technology, and offered an array of deposit products for safe and gain full options. The majority of the banks clients agreed that credit facilities are available.

1.2 Price
The majority of respondents gave the ratings which range from 3.25 to 3.33 that is verbally interpreted as “undecided” with regard to price practices of commercial banks. The first rank, the respondents are undecided whether the low interests on loans is lower compared to other banks. The respondents also could not decide whether the low interests on loans are available and the credit offering fixed loans are available. The majority of respondents also were undecided wheatear the banks service charge are nominal or interest rates for the saving deposit are higher than other banks.
1.3. Promotions
Rank 1 indicated that the advertisement practices in banks provide essential honest and truthful information. The respondent also agree that publicity builds the image of commercial banks. The respondents also agreed threat the promotion giveaways are given by the banks.
1.4. Place
The actual places practices by banks treated by banks client as agree. The bank’s location are accessible, the branches are teller machines are conveniently located. Findings also revealed that branches and teller machines also found in relatively many cities/towns; and some of banks provide a limited parking lot.
1.5. Participant / personnel
As to the expected services of commercial banks by clients in terms of participant/personnel, the banks clients agreed that banks personnel are trustworthy and polite. The majority of respondents also agreed that banks employees are never too busy to respond to clients request, they are always willing to help clients and are cheerful to give attention to the client. The majority of the respondents agree that employees speak clearly and simply.
1.6 Physical Evidence
The actual service rendered by commercial banks in terms of physical evidence were agreeable. The first priority among five indicators is that banks premises make them feel source and safe, second, that adequate security measures are visible, the third was that automated machines are always in good condition, and that the necessary from are always available. The banks not only provide comfortable seats but also the comfortable waiting rooms.
1.7 Process
Ranked first in perceived service rendered by commercial banks in term of process in the service marketing mix practices was the commercial banks perform fast and accurate transaction. Ranked second, is up-to-minute information and current state of finances (bank balances) are provided. Ranked second, is up-to-minute information and current state of finances (bank balances) are provided. Ranked third is that monthly statements and billing notices are promptly sent and that an adequate information dissemination for clients benefit is provided.

2. Rate of the extent of service quality of commercial banks through the service marketing mix practices as perceived by banks’ personnel
2.1. Product /Services
The majority stated that the extent of customer relation for providing prompt attention and highest degree of courtesy is great extent. Depositing and withdrawing in the banks with the aid of teller are done in shortest possible time. Also the respondents agreed that to a great extent the banks offer an array of deposit products for safe and gainful options for hard-earned saving provide state-of-the-art latest technology.
And the latest was the present of services of commercial banks in term of variety products/services through service marketing mix practices.
2.2. Price
The ratings ranging from 3.20 to 3.30 involving the indicators of price practices were all verbally interpreted as lower extent that banks have provided price practices. For example, the extent indicator rank 1 which is that interests on loans are effectively lower than those of other banks is “lower extent”. The avail ability of cheap loans are lower extent. Similarly the interest rates for the saving deposit are higher than other banks to a lower extent. Likewise, the bank service charges are nominal to lower extent.
2.3. Promotions
The majority of respondents responded that the promotional practices of commercial banks have provided the essential information to their target market. The respondents also agreed that commercial banks did an honest and truthful advertisement; on the statement publicity help build the image of banks, majority of respondents agreed the present of publicity will build the image of commercial banks in the eyes of public or target market.
Rate, that they have always kept their automated machines in good conditions and that the necessary forms and comfortable waiting room are provided.
2.4 Place
The bank personnel agreed that their banks are a strategically located and easily accessible. They also agreed that commercial banks placed they branches/teller machine in convenient locations. The third indicators was that the branches/teller machines are found in many parts of the cities and towns. But the perception is that parking area is available only to a lesser extent.
2.5 Participant/personnel
The first rank under participant/personnel was that the banks’ personnel are trustworthy and polite and always willing to help the client cheerful ways and give adequate attention to the clients. This is the followed by the indicator that the bank employees are never too busy to respond to client requests and they should speak clearly and simply. Lastly, bank employees recognize their regular clients.
2.6. Physical Evidence
Majority of the respondents agreed that to great extent the banks’ premises make the client feel secure and safe, that the bank provide proper and adequate security, that they have always kept their automated machines in good conditions and that necessary forms and comfortable waiting room are provided
2.7. Process
In terms of process, the respondents agreed that to a great extent the banks performs fast and accurate transactions, and that up-to-minute-information of current state of finances (bank balance) is provided. Likewise, adequate information is disseminated for the benefits of clients.
Monthly statements of account and billing notices that the expectation are promptly sent to client are met to a great extent. However, undecided or lesser extent. However, undecided or lesser extent is exhibited in the indicator that the waiting time is very short.

3. Differences between banks’ clients perceptions and banks personnel rate of extent of service quality rendered by commercial banks
The analysis showed that there were highly significantly difference between perception and the rate of extent of service quality in term of product service quality in term of product service hence the hypothesis was rejected.
In term of price practices in the service marketing mix practices, findings revealed that there were no significant differences hence significant differences hence null hypothesis was accepted
The promotion practices showed significance differences hence the null hypothesis was rejected.
Findings, also reveal the significant differences between clients perception and banks personnel perception in term of both promotion and place practices hence the null hypothesis was rejected.
Likewise, significant differences was notes in the banks client and banks personnel perceptions in the following element of the service marketing mix practices participant/personnel, physical evidence and process, thus the null hypothesis was rejected.

CONCLUSIONS
From the foregoing findings, the following conclusions are given.
1. The Perception of clients of service quality rendered by commercial banks through the service marketing mix practices.
1.1. Product
Findings strongly indicated that bank clients are satisfied with the way commercial banks provide variety of products/services and with their high respect and courtesy.
1.2. Price
The findings indicated that majority of the banks client do not really know about the pricing practices on their respective banks.

1.3. Promotions
The respondents agreed that commercial banks render the service quality through the promotion practices.
1.4. Place
It can be concluded that the banks’ clients agreed that banks provided a good place to transact.
1. 5 Participant/Personnel
It was found that banks’ employees are helpful and trustworthy and the banks provide good service in term of participant or personnel practices.
1.6. Physical Evidence
In general, banks’ client agreed that their expectation met the actual physical evidence practiced by commercial banks.
1.7. Process
As a whole, the respondents agreed that the process of quality services of commercial banks in marketing mix practices met their expectation.

2. Rate of the extent of service quality of commercial banks through the service marketing mix practices as perceived by banks personnel.
2.1. Product
Finding strongly indicated that banks personnel rated as a great extent that commercial banks provide a variety of product and delivery it with high degree of respect and courtesy.
2.2. Price
As a whole expectation regarding the pricing practices in commercial banks as perceived by banks personnel was rated as lower extent.
2.3. Promotion
It can be concluded that banks personnel considered all indicators under the promotional practices expect “promotion/give-away are regular given” to a great extent to be observed in the banks.
2.4. Place
The respondents agreed that the indicators under place practices are observed to a greater extent except “parking area is available” which is rated to a lesser extent.
2.5. Participant / Personnel
In terms of participant personnel, the banks personnel agreed that extent of participant/personnel is an important indicator of quality service rendered by commercial banks.
2.6. Physical Evidence
In term of the element of the physical evidence, the banks personnel agreed that to a great extent they are observed in commercial banks.
2.7. Process
The respondent agreed that the extent of process as an element in the service marketing mix practices, is an important indicator of quality service rendered by commercial banks.

3. Differences between banks’ clients perceptions and banks’ personnel rate of extent of service quality rendered by commercial banks.
Respondents differ significantly in their perception of service quality rendered by commercial banks, except in the price practices no significant differences, thus the null hypothesis was rejected in all element of the service marketing mix practices except on price practices was accepted.

RECOMMENDATIONS.

From the foregoing conclusions, the following recommendations are given.
1. Use the research department to identity the quality determinant most important and needed by customer to increase the quality service standard.
2. Translate the customers expectation into clear deliverable service features, to give the best customers satisfaction.
3. Banks should inform to the customer about their price practices (service charge, interest, etc). As simply as and as clearly as possible. So the banks client will understand easily their price practices.
4. Management should build service quality environment among personnel participant to achieve the highest service quality standard
5. Conduct a periodic evaluation/assessment of the process delivery quality service system to keep the present quality standard stable and to achieve the best quality standard in the future.
6. Set up the organization of delivery system and integration into service quality standard, to give the best satisfaction to the clients.
7. Make a guideline for both banks clients and banks’ personnel about price practices in the commercial banks in clear and simple way.

Bibliography:
Bitner, Mary Jo The Evolution of the service marketing mix and the relationship to service quality, USA, Lexington Books, 1991.
Cristobal, M. Pagoso and Rizalina A Montana, Introductory Statistic ( Manila : Rex Bookstore, 1995)
Jonhston, Robert and David Lyth. Implementing The Integration of The Costumer Expectation and Operational Capability, USA, Lexington Book, 1991
Kotler, Philip, Principles of Marketing, New Jersey : Prentice Hall, Inc, 2000.
Tjiptono, Fandy dan Gregorius Chandra, Service, Quality & Satisfaction, Andi Offset,2005.

Existence of Micro, Small and Medium Business In Indonesia After Monetary Crisis In 1998

2009-09-27T04:02:00.000-07:00

Indonesia facing a huge monetary crisis since years 1998, not just the crisis in monetary but also in any sector. Nowadays Indonesia slowly move forward and break the chain of crisis. It/s so amazing that in the crisis era, that the micro, small and medium business In Indonesia known as UMKM still survive from the storm of monetary crisis and other crisis from years 1998 till now.
Based on the research by Anuraga and Sudantoko in the years 2002 about the impact of monetary crisis in Indonesia to the micro small and medium business in Indonesia.
This research was describe about 225.000 sample micro small and medium business in Indonesia that has chosen as an indicator by the impact of monetary crisis in Indonesia. That research results was below:
1. Hanging on : 64,10%
2. Growing up : 0,90%
3. Less their activities : 31%
4. Closed : 4%
Based on data above we could know that the micro small and medium business in Indonesia, has a good condition, adaptive, flexible, and more survival in the monetary crisis.
As we all know that the impact of monetary crisis in Indonesia that has been started since years 1998, has a huge impact in any condition and any sector of Indonesian Republic.
That research could give a lot of inspiration to all, that we have to learn more how that micro small and medium business could has a good living survival in Indonesia.
Entrepreneurship is also starting to be socialize to the student at te school or at the campus. Entrepreneurship is one of the best solution to decreasing social and economic gap and can be motivating us to become the struggle businessman, that could be survive and growing up in any condition and challenges. This article it's just a simple tutorial about Distance Learning Management that I can write it down to you, so you can read it and know it.

Learning Biology for Students

2009-09-23T03:40:00.000-07:00

As a teacher and frequently give some lecture to the students, I need a lot of references to makes me perfect in the classroom facing the students. One of my favorite subjects to learn is about biology. I think Biology is really interesting to studied, because in Biology we could learn all about human, plants and animals. Learning about Biology does not enough only learn from the books, but sometimes I need more references from the internet. So, I just sit down at my chair then surfing patiently about Biology.
Lucky me, I found this website coursehero.com, at this website I can find a lot of useful information about Biology. This website has a good looking template and easy to understand the entire menu’s. I think coursehero.com will be the best Biology Homework Solutions I ever know. Otherwise coursehero.com have an interesting offers that the college can be held by the state that we can choose.
Coursehero.com gives us many benefit to study and learning about the subject about Biology, when I read more information in this website, I think coursehero.com is really useful to us to find out and join with them. For me and I am sure for any too, coursehero.com is like a modern Biology Lab for the students in any school or university.
Hopefully we can increase our knowledge about Biology with the good references and tutorial learning like coursehero.com.

If you need more information about coursehero.com, I suggest you visit their website and contact them.

Statistics College Tutoring

2009-09-16T22:18:00.000-07:00

My daily activities are as an employee and as a teacher that give lecture and tutorial about object statistics on one of famous Business School majoring in management in Indonesia. Some of my students told me that Statistics is difficult to learn and to understand, and some of them found statistics problems that not usually same as with the theory in the books or modules that I had given to them. My students often do some interaction in the class and gave me some statistics questions. It’s really interesting and awesome to have students with good attitude and thinking critical in the classroom. They told me that studying Statistics with me is so fun and not boring, because I often gave them statistics help, guides them well on every case on all about statistics.
My definition about statistics is a body of some methods and theory applied to numerical evidence in making inferences in the face of uncertainty. According to my definition above, actually in our daily activities is can not separated with statistics. Statistics can give us the answer about numerical facts, that’s the statistics answer. My definition of statistics indicates that it can be a powerful tool for analyzing numerical data. This is what makes it so crucial in the sciences, engineering, education and business.
My statistics students gave me some opinion that to learn statistics easily and up to date, they need more practice with the newest cases about statistics. As a feedback from their opinion to me, so I browse the internet with my computer than I found TutorVista.com, this website offering an incredible tutorial about statistics. Wow, I think TutorVista.com is the best statistics tutor online I ever know. In 24 hours a week TutorVista.com gives us free statistics help for all subjects, like descriptive and inferential statistics, frequency distributions and summary measures, chi-square applications, and many more. If you need more information about this website, I suggest you visit and contact them on their website.

I think enough for this time, I hope you (especially my statistics students) never give up to learning about statistics, because learning statistics is really useful to be implemented to our daily activities. With the help of TutorVista.com, I hope you can learn about statistics easily. As Florence Nightingale said, “The true foundation of theology is to ascertain the character of God. It is by the aid of Statistics that law in the social sphere can be ascertained and codified, and certain aspects of the character of God thereby revealed. The study of statistics is thus a religious service”.